摘要:

The twentieth Annual Congress of the British Institute of Radiology was held in the Church House, Dean's Yard, Westminster, on December 4 and 5, 1958. In opening the Congress, the President, Dr. Blair Hartley, of Manchester, pointed out that it was just 27 years since that city had provided a President of the Institute: it was Alfred Barclay. He referred to the granting of a Charter to the Institute by Her Majesty the Queen, thus establishing it as a leading radiological body. Dr. Blair Hartley traced the history of measures to safeguard the use of X rays and radioactive substances, and showed how the Institute, first by participating in the founding of the British X-ray and Radium Protection Committee in 1921, and subsequently by its continued support of all movements to this end, had not only taken the lead but had played a significant voluntary role in this important field until the responsibility was taken over in 1952 by a statutory committee appointed under the Radioactive Substances Act.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-32-374-71

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

When I saw the names of the distinguished men who had preceded me in this pleasant duty, I felt very humble. I realised what a very great honour you have done me by inviting me to give this address; but if I am ill-equipped in regard to knowledge I can claim one attribute which might qualify me for the task. I realise with great thankfulness the immense debt which we as surgeons owe to Radiologists, Radiotherapists and Physicists. With out you we should indeed be lost. If, therefore, I fail on the score of intellectual stature I exceed in gratitude and this must be my title deed to your attention.When my father was a student at Guy's Hospital X rays had just been discovered. The hospital invested in an early model of an X-ray machine, with which quite satisfactory pictures were taken after relatively prolonged exposure of both patient and radiologist. The sphere of usefulness of these simple X-ray photographs was confined not so much to the diagnosis of fractures, because unless the fracture was obvious clinically it might not have shown up on the X-ray, but to seeing whether the fragments were in approximation and that the alignment of the bone was roughly correct. Some foreign bodies could be shown up by these early machines, but these were heavy metallic foreign bodies, bullets from the Boer War, and even some long-standing fragments from the Indian Mutiny and the Crimea, discovered within the persons of Chelsea pensioners, who came up to the hospital smoking their clay pipes and anxious to see what the Sepoys and Russians had left inside them.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-32-374-72

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

After a brief statement regarding the volume of cases of cerebrovascular accident occurring in the population an outline of the methods of investigation for suspected cases of ruptured aneurysm was given, stress being laid upon the need for carotid compression on the neck as a preliminary to angiography.The desirability of working out the symptomatology of ruptured aneurysms according to the point of origin was mentioned and the difficulties of lateralising the aneurysms on clinical signs emphasised. A short description of the surgical treatment according to the site of the aneurysm was given and reference made to the experimental programme in progress designed to establish the natural death rate for ruptured aneurysm under conservative treatment.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-32-374-79

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The pathology of aneurysms is no longer dominated by syphilis as it used to be and by far the commonest variety of aneurysm seen by the pathologist today is the small lesion of the cerebral arteries in whose pathogenesis syphilis plays no part. It is unlikely that cerebral aneurysms have increased in frequency, but they are certainly more often recognised than they used to be and it is important for the pathologist to realise that their rupture can mimic ordinary intracerebral haemorrhage closely when they have become embedded in the substance of the brain and rupture into it without producing subarachnoid haemorrhage. As with so many other things, the more often they are looked for the more often they will be found.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-32-374-84

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

210 cases of subarachnoid haemorrhage are reviewed. The cases were selected in that all suffered from a ruptured aneurysm, all were submitted to cerebral angiography and the diagnosis was confirmed at autopsy in every instance. The angiographic accuracy was 89 per cent. The causes of error in diagnosis in the remaining 11 per cent are discussed.The authors divided the errors into five groups:1. Spasm preventing filling of the aneurysm by contrast substance.2. Observer's error.3. Inadequate examination; the most important short-coming being a paucity of projections taken at different angles.4. Normal arteriograms even in retrospect after the most careful scrutiny. In every case (2 per cent) the aneurysm was small.5. Intact aneurysm observed, second aneurysm (ruptured) not observed.In no instance did thrombus prevent the angiographic demonstration of an aneurysm and it is felt that thrombosis has been blamed too readily in the past for discrepancies in radiological and autopsy findings.The value of projections such as the per-orbital view in addition to routine antero-posterior, lateral and oblique views, is stressed.The authors believe that the potential accuracy of radiological diagnosis is approximately 96 per cent.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-32-374-85

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The fifth edition in English of this well-known work on trauma appears 21 years after its predecessor and brings the record of Professor Bohler's remarkable experience up to 1955. It is based on the 13th German edition and has been, on the whole, well translated from the original language. In three decades the author has been responsible for the treatment of over 12,000 fractures and 7,000 dislocations, mainly in the world-famous accident hospital in Vienna.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-32-374-92

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A survey of published and unpublished work on the lethal effects and functional deficiencies produced by continued daily whole body irradiation appears to show two distinct patterns of response:(1) Differences in dose-intensity of the radiation exposure and in L.E.T. of the type of radiation do not seem to be important when the biological damage may be plausibly interpreted as depending on cell depletion. Where the average daily or weekly dose is not too large and where repopulation of irradiated tissues can occur as a consequence of cell division, adaptation to continued irradiation regularly occurs,i.e.in spite of continuing injury, damage is not progressive but reaches a steady state. Damage is then dependent on average dose-rate rather than on total dose, and a small difference of a few-fold in average dose-rate may change the degree of damage from very gross to barely measurable. Increasing the overall exposure time during which a fixed total dose is given always reduces the effect.(2) A contrasting pattern of response is shown in the induction of murine leukaemia, and also in shortening of life, since the degree of life-shortening and the shape of the mortality curve after limited periods of daily irradiation by X rays, γ rays or fast neutrons were found to depend on the amount of leukaemia produced. Increasing the overall exposure time may markedly increase the leukaemogenic effect of a given total dose, and the dose-intensity of the individual radiation exposures may be of great quantitative importance.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-32-374-93

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The next meeting of the Diagnostic Section of the Branch will be held in the Royal Infirmary, Wigan, on Saturday, March 7, 1959, at 3 p.m.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-32-374-98

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An account is presented of a new radium storage and handling system developed at the Royal Marsden Hospital. An important feature is the provision, in a room adjoining the operating theatres, of well-protected and ventilated radium safes set into the wall behind the working bench, so that the entire stock is always to hand. The dose-rate in the middle of this bench when the safe contains 2·5 g of Ra is 6 mr/hour. The system includes the transfer of radium to the theatre and the protection of the staff during transport and sterilisation of the sources.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-32-374-99

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Organic Peroxides in Radiobiology. A Colloquium. General Editor, M. Haissinsky. pp. vi + 153, 1958 (London, Pergamon Press), 60s.Actions Chemiques et Biologiques des Radiationsis the third instalment of the excellent series of review articles which Dr. Haissinsky is editing. Milton Burton writes on the “Radiolysis of Organic Liquids”, A. Chapiro and M. Magat on “Polymerisations induced by Ionizing Radiations”, and A. Charlesby on the “Effects of High Energy Radiations on Polymers”.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-32-374-105-b

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY