摘要:

AbstractThe intention of this article is to consider the possible clinical applications of relatively low-energy electron beams. It would appear that the main fields of application may lie in the treatment of large areas of the body surface, skin and superficial tumours and the post-mastectomy chest wall. The main advantages and disadvantages of electron therapy in these situations are discussed. The possible role of electrons in treating the post-mastectomy chest wall is considered in greater detail with particular reference to the potential danger of post-radiation fibrosis in the lungs.It is concluded that the advantages of the depth dose characteristics of low-energy electron beams may be sufficient to outweigh the disadvantages, particularly the problems associated with inhomogeneous tissue, and help to establish low-energy electron therapy in the 2–10 MeV range as having a significant, although rather limited place, in radiotherapeutic practice.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-43-511-431

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This is a stout paper-back volume covering the sessions dealing with the clinical applications of scintigraphy that were held at the Symposium at Salzburg in 1968 organised by the International Atomic Energy Agency.Altogether there are 55 papers, each followed by a discussion, which cover most aspects of the changes that have occurred in this field since the previous symposium in Athens in 1964.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-43-511-440

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA phantom material to represent lungs radiologically is described. The material consists of an open-cell, plastic foam the density of which may be varied over a wide range by adjustment of the amount of blowing agent used. Details of the chemical procedure are given. The process is simple and requires a maximum processing temperature of only 115°C and the material can be shaped easily by the use of moulds. The effective atomic number of the plastic was calculated andmeasured and details are given. The unexpanded material has a density of 1·06 gcm−3, an effective atomic number of 7·55 and 3·42 electrons per gram. Tissue-equivalence is considered satisfactory and is compared with data for other tissue-equivalent substances. A review of other materials which have been used to simulate lungs is given.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-43-511-441

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This note is based on a detailed study of the dosedistributions produced by square and rectangular radium distributions in moulds. The calculations were done with a computer program developed from the one described by Schlessinger and Porter (1966). The new program agrees almost everywhere to within 1 per cent with Shalek and Stovall (1968) who claim the same degree of agreement with the results of Young and Batho (1964).The main result of the study is to confirm once again the beauty of the Paterson-Parker system (see Meredith, 1967). The classical distribution rules give occasional small areas in which ±10 per cent of the mean calculated dose is exceeded, but ±12 per cent is never exceeded; and the mean calculated dose agrees with the tabular dose to 2 per cent almost always, and always to 3½ per cent.† A more accurate method of dose-estimation than the Parker-Paterson tables could be devised, but only at the cost of an unacceptably complicated method of calculation.The distribution rules themselves are another matter. A few minor extensions to the rules can lead to moulds (and of course planar implants) with substantially better uniformity than the classical rules provide. The extended distribution rules to be described aim at a uniformity of ±5 per cent, and are no more difficult to follow than the classical rules. More important: the Paterson-Parker tables can be applied to moulds which follow any or all of the extended rules, with the same accuracy as for moulds which follow the classical rules.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-43-511-445

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This is the third edition of a radiological text-book, now well established for 14 years, covering every aspect of the spine in health and disease by one of the outstanding radiologists in the United States. This edition has been so extensively revised and enlarged as to constitute virtually a new book.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-43-511-447-b

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractX-ray exposures have been computed at a focus-to-skin distance of 40 in. for a wide range of mAs, kVp and filtrations to cover most diagnostic X-ray procedures. The computations, based upon Kramer's rule for differential bremsstrahlung spectra, are in good agreement with experimental values obtained under a variety of operating conditions.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-43-511-448

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThree cases of fibro-muscular dysplasia of the internal carotid arteries are reported. Two of the three patients were hypertensive and in one of these two intracranial aneurysms were demonstrated. The radiological appearances and differential diagnosis are discussed. The association between fibro-muscular dysplasia of the renal arteries with hypertension and intracranial aneurysms is also stressed.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-43-511-452

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA method of estimating transit time during the pharyngeal phase of deglutition is described. It was used to study patients with Parkinsonism in a trial of the effects of L-dopa, which was shown to have no demonstrable effect.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-43-511-456

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This book is primarily designed for surgeons dealing with emergencies due to injuries. Two sections are devoted to orthodox bone and soft tissue lesions and one each to those associated with athletics, burns and multiple injuries.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-43-511-457-a

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn ultrasonic technique, using a modified A-scan instrument, for measuring the thickness of the post-mastectomy chest wall is described and results of multiple measurements on 46 patients who had undergone a simple or a radical mastectomy are presented and analysed. The average postmastectomy chest wall in the mid-clavicular line had a minimum thickness of 1·1 cm and a maximum thickness of 1·9 cm. There was little difference, within the main operative field, between patients with simple and radical mastectomies. Considerable variations in thickness were noted within the same patient and in the group as a whole.The technique is suitable for making chest wall measurements for planning radiotherapy with electrons.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-43-511-458

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY