摘要:

Following the publication in 1960 of the Second Report of the Committee on Radiological Hazards to Patients*radiologists have faced a great increase in their responsibility for matters of radiation protection. The Committee concluded, from its survey of British radiological practice and the estimation of radiation dose of genetic significance, that no need existed for major restrictions in the medical application of ionising radiation. It was nevertheless, stressed that the general adoption of the Committee's recommendations would substantially reduce the total genetic dose to the population without detriment to the patient.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-37-439-485

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Fourteen cases of space-occupying lesions in the borderland between the supra- and infratentorial territories are presented. These lesions include gliomas, metastatic lesions, a sarcoma, an A–V malformation, a “pinealoma”, a medulloblastoma, intracerebellar Hodgkin's disease, a chordoma, an aneurysm, and meningiomas. One of these two cases of meningiomas which arose from the free margin of the tentorium is especially noteworthy in that it was operated upon with a good result.A variety of angiographic, ventriculographic, and encephalographic signs are discussed. Greater or lesser degrees of specificity are assigned to these signs. The cases, selected for presentation from a large series, were chosen for their value in illustrating radiological signs of disease in the area of the tentorial notch.The subject of tentorial herniations is not discussed. The subject has been adequately covered in the recent literature.Some of the data obtained by one of us (M.M.S.) through a review of 21 cases of clivus chordoma are presented.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-37-439-486

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

1. The radiological features of 12 cases of atresia of the external auditory meatus, demonstrated by tomography, are described.2. The application of the information thus obtained to the surgical treatment of these patients is briefly discussed.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-37-439-511

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A method of carrying out carotid and other angiography using a cannula in place of the conventional needle is described. The advantages, increased safety, ease of technique, possibility of selective angiography and freedom from worry for the operator, are discussed.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-37-439-526

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Coincidence counting and focusing collimators with different isotopes are compared for detection of brain tumours with external scanning. A modification of Dewey and Sinclair's (1961) figure of merit for the best compromise between resolution and sensitivity for detection of the tumour is measured experimentally using spherical glass bulbs in a tank of water, to represent tumours in the head. The probabilities of detecting tumours of different sizes are calculated for different isotopes making certain assumptions. It is concluded that74As or72As with focusing collimators are better than the other isotopes investigated for detection of brain tumours.125I is not suitable.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-37-439-531

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A formula is presented for approximating the per cent depth distribution resulting from any portal size60Co beam at 80 cm SSD. This equation may be used to obtain computer print-outs of combined multifield dose distributions as described previously (Sterlinget al., 1963b), or, in a new programme, can be used to print out the combined isodose curves directly to scale with small error.A distinct geometric property of the per cent depth dose distribution is discovered and described without attempting to explain it.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-37-439-544

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Monilial infection of the mouth and fauces is common in infants. The fungus,Monilia albicans(Candida albicans), produces characteristic white plaques of thrush which are easily recognised, and if, as is usual, the infection does not spread beyond the fauces, the ailment is trivial.Occasionally, however, the disease extends into the oesophagus and then the child may become gravely ill. There is difficulty in swallowing, feeds are regurgitated and cyanotic attacks may occur. Such symptoms in a child with oral thrush are very suggestive of oesophageal spread and call for urgent treatment. The diagnosis can generally be readily made on clinical grounds and it is doubtful whether there is any place for radiological examination.In adults, monilial infections are less common. They usually occur in persons who are debilitated as a result of some other illness and particularly in those receiving antibiotic or steroid therapy (Stenderup, Bichel and Kissmeyer-Nielsen, 1956; Pappenfort and Schnall, 1951; Woods, Manning and Paterson, 1951). Alteration of the competing bacterial flora induced by antibiotics appears to be the most important cause, but lowered host resistance induced by steroids (Seligmann, 1953) and direct effects of an antibiotic on the fungus (Moore, 1951), may also be factors.The disease in adults, as in infants, is usually limited to the mouth and fauces, but oesophageal involvement sometimes occurs. This gives rise to severe burning retrosternal pain on swallowing and in the presence of oral thrush this should suggest the diagnosis.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-37-439-551

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Renal ischaemia is now well recognised as a cause of hypertension and is frequently secondary to renal artery stenosis. During the last six years a small number of such patients have been recognised who present many features of primary hyperaldosteronism without having a primary suprarenal disorder (Gowenlock and Wrong, 1962; Goldberg and McCurdy, 1963; Itskovitz, Hildreth, Sellers and Blakemore, 1963). We here present a further case with bilateral renal artery stenosis in whom the electrolyte abnormalities did not recur following medical treatment of the hypertension.A female welfare worker aged 49 first attended hospital in July, 1962, complaining of tiredness, anorexia, weakness of the legs, dyspnoea on exertion and the loss of 1½ stones in weight. These symptoms had been present for only a few months. There was no dysuria or polyuria.On examination she was found to have a B.P. of 190/140 in both arms. All peripheral pulses were present. Clinically the heart was enlarged and there were signs of congestive heart failure. No abdominal bruit was heard. Fundi showed grade IV hypertensive retinopathy.Urine contained a moderate amount of albumen, frequent red cells, pus cells and casts. Culture grew a Coliform organism.Serum K was repeatedly between 2·9 and 3·4 mEq/L.Serum Na, Cl and HCO3were within normal limits.Blood urea varied between 50 and 70 mg per cent.Urinary concentrating power was impaired—the maximum concentration after 18 hours dehydration being 1008.Urinary excretion of Na was 5–20 mEq/24 hours.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-37-439-554

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper describes two patients in whom bilateral pyelo-ureteritis cystica was demonstrated by excretion urography. The diagnosis was confirmed in the first patient by histological examination, and in the second patient by repeating excretion urography after an interval of three months.A 72-year-old man was admitted with a history of vomiting and acute abdominal pain of 26 hours' duration. He had increasing tenderness and rigidity over the right side of the abdomen. His urine showed only a trace of albumen when tested on the ward. A provisional diagnosis of appendicitis or cholecystitis was made and laparotomy performed. The appendix and gall-bladder were normal but there was oedema of the tissues around the right kidney. There was a right hydronephrosis and hydroureter. The hydronephrosis was opened and found to contain infected urine and many cysts.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-37-439-557

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Following publication of this Report in 1960, measures to implement the numerous technical recommendations therein contained have undoubtedly produced a considerable reduction in patient dosage in diagnostic radiology, with especial reference to dosage of genetic significance for the population as a whole. To maintain the success achieved will require constant vigilance on the part of the radiologist, assisted by the radiation protection services and the hospital physicist. There is an increasing need for closer liaison between the latter and the diagnostic department if there is to be effective, continued control of diagnostic installations and techniques, especially those involving prolonged exposure such as cardiac catheterisation and cineradiography.In the very wide variety of departments providing diagnostic services, ranging from the large, fully staffed teaching hospital unit to the small hospital department served by a single-handed, possibly part-time, radiographer and a visiting radiologist, it is probable that much remains to be done. In particular it is necessary to inculcate a wider appreciation of problems of radiation protection and progressively higher standards of technical ability amongst radiographic staff. Greater precision in radiographic techniques must contribute to a reduction in patient dosage; in this respect the introduction of controlled, automatic processing and of units incorporating automatic radiographic exposure control, intelligently used, will be of great assistance.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-37-439-559

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY