摘要:

(1) Four cases are described, all presenting symptoms of pressure upon cervical nerve roots, and all showing myelographic changes suggestive of lateral herniation of a nucleus pulposus.(2) It is considered that the non-occurrence of marginal changes in the vertebral bodies is not necessarily evidence against the presence of a protruded nucleus pulposus, and that the relatively frequent occurrence of protrusion warrants attention being drawn to this group of cases.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-18-205-1

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1945

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The January Scientific Meeting of the British Institute of Radiology will be held on January 18, 1945, at 8 p.m. The subject will be: “Symposium on Clinical Photography.”

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-18-205-4

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1945

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A circuit is given by means of which a calculator for screened linear radium sources, described in a previous paper, can be used for investigating the combined dosage due to a small number of sources in tandem when the line densities of the constituent sources differ. An example of the application of this circuit to the problem of the treatment of cylindrical surfaces by axial sources is given, showing that the apparatus developed makes it possible to consider in detail the dosage distribution in individual cases in a manner not hitherto considered practicable. A number of other applications are also indicated.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-18-205-5

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1945

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The scope of this book is so vast as to defy detailed review, and as explained in its preface it may be regarded as a combination of an encyclopædia, a text book, and a working instrument containing data necessary for the actual application of the principles of physics to medicine.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-18-205-7

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1945

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Three cases of “sclerosing” osteogenic sarcoma occurring in the head of the tibia in young women are described. These presented typical radiographic features, but three biopsies in two of the cases provided material which was interpreted as benign and possibly delayed treatment. There was no healing response to X radiation. Prompt amputation of this tumour is claimed to give 25 per cent. cure. The earliest possible diagnosis is important.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-18-205-8

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1945

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The loss of personal contact between radiologists is not the least of the many handicaps that has been imposed on our speciality by the war years.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-18-205-11-b

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1945

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The paper deals with the mathematical theory of integral dose in radium therapy in which the study of point sources is of prime importance.It is shown that if all the γ-ray energy is absorbed 1 mg. hr. is equivalent to 3800 gm. r. It follows that when all the energy is absorbed 1 m.c.d. is equivalent to approximately 0·5 megagm. r or 1 calorie. The theory of integral dose in a sphere due to a point source is then developed and formulæ given for its value. Certain reciprocal relationships between source and absorber are described, and it is shown how in any case in which dosage-rate due to a continuous finite source of radioactive material is known the integral dose due to a point source may be found. It is proved that the integral dose in gm. r throughout any mass due to a milligramme point source for one hour is equivalent to the dosagerate in r/hr. at the position of the point source if the initially absorbing volume be filled uniformly with radiating material of unit density. Several examples of the application of these reciprocal relationships to elements of mass of different shapes such as cylinders, rings, spherical shells, flat discs, etc., are indicated, and a general curve is given showing the integral dose due to a point source near its centre in a mass of approximately spherical shape. Elongation corrections enable estimates to be made for masses of other shapes. Certain other problems are discussed in which absorption in the tissues is taken into account and some reference made to the use of exponential and more general integrals. Tabular data are given for the total energy emitted from point sources in cylindrical filters.Finally, as practical examples the formulæ and methods of the paper are applied to the calculation of integral dose in a head during the use of radium in an antrum. Integral doses due to a lip surface applicator, in an arm bent at right-angles around a lead block as in manipulating radium, and in the trunk as in the treatment of the cervix uteri or the œsophagus, have also been calculated.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-18-205-12

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1945

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The examination of the barium-filled œsophagus as a diagnostic aid in the differentiation of mediastinal infections from mediastinal tumours has given promising results.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-18-205-19

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1945

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The clinical features of congenital absence of the pectoralis major are well recognised and descriptions of the condition can be found in most standard text-books of surgery.The radiographic appearances are not so well-known and may cause some difficulties in diagnosis. These difficulties are unlikely to arise if the patient has been examined clinically by the radiologist. However, under many circumstances,e.g., in mass miniature radiography surveys, pre-radiographic clinical examination is not possible and difficulties in radiological diagnosis are consequently far greater.The pectoralis major may completely fail to develop or, more commonly, is only partially developed. Several authors have recorded clinical accounts of this condition (Richardson, 1940; Parhad, 1939; Rosenthal, 1940; Jokl, 1939), but apart from Rosenthal's report little attention has been paid to the radiological appearances. This is not altogether surprising in view of the ease of clinical diagnosis.The pectoralis major is a thick triangular muscle situated in the upper and front part of the chest. It has two origins:—(a) The clavicular head which arises from the anterior surface of the sternal half of the clavicle, and(b) The sterno-costal portion which arises from half the breadth of the anterior surface of the sternum as low down as the attachment of the cartilage of the sixth or seventh rib and from the cartilages of all the true ribs with the exception of the first or seventh rib and from the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle (Gray, 1944).

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-18-205-20

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1945

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Œsophageal cancer may be classified into pharyngoœsophageal, mid-œsophageal, and cardio-œsophageal tumours. Teleradium therapy, intracavitary treatment by radium bougie, or implantation of radon seeds are the principal radium treatment methods available.Teleradium therapy is recommended for the pharyngoœsophageal group, and suggestions are offered as to its advantages over X-ray therapy. Mid-œsophageal tumours may be treated by radium bougie or radon seed implantation. The radium bougie technique employed at the Royal Cancer Hospital is described in detail. Radon seed implantation is recommended only as a palliative procedure, and Negus's method of implantation is briefly described.Radon seed implantation is recommended as a purely palliative procedure for cardio-œsophageal neoplasms, and the technique employed at the Royal Cancer Hospital is described.The results obtained in the treatment of sixty-eight cases of œsophageal cancer are given in tabular form.A detailed account of the investigation of the physical conditions of the treatment techniques employed, including integral dose calculations, is given.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-18-205-22

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1945

数据来源: WILEY