摘要:

It is the habit of the elderly to reminisce and an eponymous lecture is a proper occasion for commemoration, but I take it there is nothing to forbid one near the end of his professional life from looking out over the promised land.It was my good fortune to know Mackenzie Davidson. He was the doyen of radiologists, but that did not prevent young colleagues from benefiting by his advice, for he was eminently approachable. He combined eagerness with imperturbable dignity; speculation with cautious acceptance; inexhaustible curiosity with skill in the practical application of knowledge; and he set a standard for radiologists which, followed by others, has secured a position of equality with that of all who profess specialist status: status as clinician; status as man of science; status as man of wisdom in the counsels of the medical profession.For most medical men the six or seven war years were too fully occupied to leave time for thought about such matters as the cause of cancer. When one turned again to the subject it was to find that changes had come over the scene. For one thing the attitude of the “pure scientist” towards those who work in the biological and particularly in the clinical fields had become more tolerant. We know very well thatourproblems hold many variables and many factors insusceptible of measurement, but the physicist's own field proves to involve an uncertainty principle. The position is still that irreverently described by Hilaire Belloc.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-22-253-1

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1949

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

1. A series of 188 cases investigated and followed up is described and tabulated. Of these, 151 were cases of suspected intestinal obstruction, and 37 cases of post-operative distension.2. Relevant anatomical and physiological features are discussed and normal radiological appearances described. Pathological features of intestinal obstruction are mentioned and for the purposes of this paper obstructions are classified as mechanical and adynamic (or neurogenic) obstructions.3. A routine technique of a supine and an erect radiograph of the abdomen using a postero-anterior projection where possible, and using intensifying screens and a moving grid at an anode-film distance of 36 to 48 inches, is recommended. Techniques for difficult cases are mentioned.4. The appearances of mechanical obstruction of the bowel are (a) stasis within the bowel as shown by the presence of fluid levels, and (b) distension of bowel by gas.5. The site of the obstruction can be localised as being distal to the most distal part of distended bowel. Thus small bowel obstructions can be labelled high, mid or low small bowel obstructions. Large bowel obstructions can usually be localised more accurately; care must be taken not to diagnose a large bowel obstruction with an incompetent ileo-cæcal valve as a small bowel obstruction.6. Certain radiological appearances which are diagnostic of acute obstructions are described and the use of the Miller-Abbott tube is discussed.7. Other conditions which may produce radiological signs, recognisable on scout survey films, such as volvulus, intussusception and perforation of a gas-containing viscus, are described.8. Negative X-ray findings must be evaluated with reserve. Mechanical obstruction may still exist in the absence of positive radiological evidence.9. The appearances of adynamic obstruction, localised and generalised, are described. It is of the utmost importance to differentiate between this type and mechanical obstructions as the early recognition of the latter in post-operative cases may be a life-saving measure.10. Assessment of a deficient properitoneal line is discussed and the consideration of technical factors in this respect stressed. The radiological appearances of intraperitoneal fluid are described.11. Finally the extreme importance of close liaison between radiologist and clinician is emphasised.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-22-253-11

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1949

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We are proud to welcome to the Editorial Staff of the BritishJournal ofRadiologyDr. E. M. Crawford, Honorary Secretary-Treasurer of the Canadian Association of Radiologists, and Dr. Alan R. Colwell, Federal Honorary Secretary of the Australian and New Zealand Association of Radiologists.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-22-253-24

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1949

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It is intended to select for discussion certain aspects of the mucosal relief pattern in malignant disease of the stomach. From the textbooks it can be seen how difficult it is to define relief changes with concise terms such as filling defect. Their visualisation, differing from the older classical method, is fully described in Barclay's monograph of the Digestive Tract, to which little can be added. We have found the use of the distinctor as devised by Holzknecht for fixation and graded compression of selected regions very effective. Well aware of the wise words written by Barclay 10 years ago, enjoining us not to be too rigid in our rules for interpreting the barium pattern, I take the view that there are some pattern changes sufficiently characteristic of malignant gastric neoplasm to be decisive. Others are only the expression of wall infiltration. But coexistence of two or more of these will usually enable one to arrive at a sound conclusion. An attempt seems, therefore, justified to summarise some of those changes in the mucosal relief encountered in gastric cancer, and to raise points of resemblance to and differentiation from non-malignant conditions.The rugal pattern is blotted out by stretching of the mucosa over an elevated infiltration. Or, with the mucosa destroyed, by protrusion of a tumour with a smooth surface. This often coexists with nodule formation. (See Figs. 4 and 9.)Protrusions devoid of barium are separated by coarse barium containing crevices of different calibre and irregular course.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-22-253-25

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1949

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The dose comparator apparatus (Kemp, 1946) has been used to measure backscatter factor and percentage depth dose for various field sizes at 50 cm. and 40 cm. F.S.D., using radiation of approximately 1·0 mm. Cu H.V.L. The results are in fairly good agreement with values given by Quimby and Laurence (1940), but there are considerable deviations (up to 30 per cent.) from the figures given in the Mayneord and Lamerton Survey (1941) for large field areas, the latter giving lower backscatter factors and higher percentage depth dose values at large depths. These deviations are shown to be mainly due to the weight given in the Mayneord and Lamerton Survey to results obtained in wax phantoms.Various factors affecting measurements in a phantom have been investigated. These factors include the effects of phantom material, of using a large ionization chamber, or a chamber with a heavy metal stem, and of applicator construction. A comparison of results with the same applicator used on different X-ray sets is also given.It is concluded that measurements with the dose comparator apparatus are free from any significant errors.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-22-253-33

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1949

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Many members of the Institute will regret sincerely the loss of one of its oldest members in the death of Mr. P. J. Neate. Mr. Neate's interests were many and varied, but the progress of scientific work in relation to medicine was particularly close to his heart.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-22-253-43

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1949

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The report describes the conversion of a 5 gm. teleradium unit to a 10 gm. unit. A detailed description is given of the measurement of the output, and the determination of dosage distribution in a water phantom. The dosage distribution was measured with a new “teledosefinder” system which enables the operators to work at a safe distance from the unit. Protection measurements on the radiation in the neighbourhood of the unit were made, and the protection was found to be satisfactory.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-22-253-44

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1949

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The theories advanced to explain the causation of radiation sickness and the remedies recommended are briefly reviewed. The results of the use of pyridoxine in sixty-nine cases are analysed. It is shown to be a reliable, though not infallible, drug in the treatment of radiation sickness. It has also a beneficial effect on X-ray leucopenia and the additional merit of conferring on some patients a sense of general well-being.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-22-253-49

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1949

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The author, who has had a unique experience in the radiological examination of Bilharzial affecting the different systems of the body, has presented in this short monograph a comprehensive account of the radiological appearances of Bilharzia associated with carcinomatous changes in the various organs.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-22-253-55

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1949

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Dr. Gordon E. Richards, who was born at Lyn, Leeds County, Ontario, on March 15, 1885, graduated in medicine at the University of Toronto in 1908, being the Gold medallist of his year. He became a radiologist in 1912, and worked with Dr. C. W. Prowd, of St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-22-253-56-c

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1949

数据来源: WILEY