摘要:

AbstractIn the quest for treatable causes of anterior knee pain, plain film skyline views of the patello-femoral joint are requested, often in 30°, 60° and 90° of flexion, to assess the functional relationships of the joint. Patello-femoral malalignment predisposes to recurrent subluxation and dislocation, articular cartilage damage and premature degenerative change. The aim of this study is to evaluate critically, by comparative assessment, the information provided by skyline views and axial computed arthro-tomography (CTA). Measurements of the patello-femoral angle (assesses patellar tilt), the congruence angle (assesses patellar lateralization) and the trochlear depth were made on Merchant's skyline views and on axial CTA on each of 50 symptomatic knees. Results are presented in graphic form with visual examples indicating a poor correlation between the two imaging methods. We conclude that skyline views are inaccurate and unsuitable primarily because they cannot be obtained in less than 30° of flexion. We suggest that skyline views have no role to play in screening for maltracking as even florid examples must be missed, and would strongly urge that no surgery be performed on their basis alone as this would result in inappropriate operations. Although computed tomography is the preferred mode of assessing patello-femoral geometry, difficulties are still encountered and the ways of circumventing them are discussed.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-66-789-755

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractVolumetric computed tomography (CT) scans (“spiral CT”) were performed after intravenous (i.v.) cholangiography followed by additional 3D surface reconstructions of gallbladder and biliary ducts. 34 patients were investigated prior to cholecystectomy. No allergic adverse reactions were observed. The scan time was 24 s. Contrast enhancement in the extrahepatic bile duct and gallbladder were measured. All CT image series were reviewed independently by four experienced physicians (two radiologists, two surgeons) and compared for quality with conventional cholangiography on a three-point scale. The average rating for the demonstration of the biliary tract was significantly better for spiral CT than for conventional cholangiography (p<0.01). In all cases sufficient contrast was found in the common bile duct (mean 315 HU). 3D imaging was considered to be helpful for intraoperative orientation during laparoscopic surgery.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-66-789-762

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe relationship between bolus volume (2.5, 5, 10 and 20 ml) and larynx elevation during swallowing was assessed in 10 non-dysphagic and 10 dysphagic individuals without pharyngeal dysfunction. Laryngeal elevation in different types of pharyngeal dysfunction was assessed in 60 non-dysphagic and 75 dysphagic patients. All subjects were examined with liquid barium and cineradiography at 50 frames/s. The laryngeal elevation was measured at the moment when the bolus reached the level of the valleculae and at maximum elevation. Elevation of the larynx, both the initial and maximal, was not influenced by sex, age or presence of dysphagia. Elevation of the larynx at the moment when the bolus reached the valleculae, when expressed in per cent of maximum elevation, was lower with 10 and 20 ml bolus volumes compared with 2.5 ml bolus volume (p<0.05) in the 10 dysphagic individuals. Pharyngeal dysfunction was associated with significantly lower initial elevation of the larynx, at the moment when the bolus reached the level of the valleculae, although the maximal laryngeal elevation was normal. Initial elevation was 30% lower (p= 0.03) in patients with aspiration of bolus material into the trachea, 22% lower (p= 0.007) in those with defective closure of the laryngeal vestibule without aspiration and 16% lower (p= 0.06) in those with incoordination of the cricopharyngeal muscle compared with patients without dysfunction.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-66-789-768

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe recent need for selective bronchography during bronchoscopy in certain patients, together with paediatric indications for tracheo-bronchography, raises the question as to which contrast medium is both safe and efficient. The purpose of the present experimental study was to define the tissue reaction caused by iotrolan and iopamidol in the bronchi and lungs of rats. 60 animals used in this study were divided into five groups receiving iotrolan 300, iopamidol 370, iopamidol 150, physiological saline and anaesthetic only, the last two acting as control groups. Statistically there was no significant difference in the histological reaction between iotrolan 300, iopamidol 370 and iopamidol 150 compared with the control groups, although iotrolan 300 appeared to result in the least tissue reaction. With its adequately high iodine concentration, low osmolality and relatively high viscosity, iotrolan 300 would appear to be a suitable contrast medium for bronchography.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-66-789-773

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Multidisciplinary activities and efforts are always welcome and refreshing and this book combines the experience of a radiologist, a pathologist and a clinician in the field of detection and management of screened breast abnormalities. However, as with many of its kind, it is difficult to know who the book is aimed at with considerable technical detail being included which might be too much for the non-specialist but better covered in other publications for the specialist in that particular area.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-66-789-777

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of radiographic contrast media (RCM) on leucocyte orientationin vitrowere studied using a Zigmond chamber. Leucocyte orientation was assessed following exposure of the leucocytes to iotrolan, iohexol, ioxaglate and diatrizoate. The RCM used were diluted to a concentration similar to that obtainedin vivoduring routine angiography. At this concentration there was a significant reduction in leucocyte orientation for all RCM investigated but the effect was more pronounced in the monomeric than the dimeric RCM. The results may have significance when deciding which radiographic contrast medium to use in selected patients, particularly those who are immunosuppressed or septicaemic.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-66-789-778

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIntraarterial thrombolytic therapy is being increasingly used in the treatment of acute limb ischaemia. When strokes occur during thrombolytic therapy treatment is usually stopped because of the suspicion of cerebral haemorrhage. If the stroke is not haemorrhagic then stopping the treatment jeopardizes the ischaemic limb. If the stroke is proven to be non-haemorrhagic on computed tomography (CT) then the thrombolytic therapy should be recommenced. We present three case histories of patients who suffered a stroke during thrombolytic therapy over a 30-month period, in whom CT confirmed non-haemorrhagic stroke and we suggest that managing the ischaemic limb with anticoagulant and thrombolytic therapy can be safe in the early period following the stroke. We also discuss the probable aetiology of the strokes and whether cardiac echocardiography should be performed in these patients.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-66-789-781

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractT1ρdispersion, or the frequency dependence of T1relaxation in the rotating frame, was used forin vivomuscle tissue characterization in 13 patients with primary skeletal muscle disease and in eight normal subjects for comparison. T1ρdispersion measurements represent a new approach to magnetic resonance tissue characterization, possibly reflecting the macromolecular constituents of tissue. A definite, statistically significant, difference was found between the relative T1ρdispersion values of normal and diseased muscle tissue. T1ρdispersion measurements and images may increase the accuracy of identification of diseased muscles. Early identification of affected muscles is important for accurate diagnosis by muscle biopsy.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-66-789-783

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEpidermolysis bullosa encompasses a group of rare disorders typified by blister formation following minor trauma to the skin. Gastrointestinal tract involvement may occur in the extremely rare recessive dystrophic variants. The gastrointestinal manifestations present in 25 patients with the Hallopeau-Siemens variant of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa are reviewed. In the oesophagus both anatomical and motility abnormalities were observed. Features seen included a generally shortened oesophagus, strictures including those resembling webs, hiatus herniae, decreased peristalsis, oesophageal atony and pseudodiverticulum formation. These patients also had faecal impaction.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-66-789-788

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe diagnosis of a small traumatic pneumopericardium may be difficult and differentiation from a left medial pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum is important. Two new signs which only occur in pneumopericardium are described: the “transverse band of air” sign on the frontal radiograph representing air in the transverse sinus of the pericardium, and the “triangle of air” sign as noted on the lateral radiograph. If there is still doubt, a left-side-down decubitus radiograph will establish the diagnosis.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-66-789-794

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY