摘要:

An analysis of a radiographic study of the movements of the arytenoid and cricoid cartilages has been correlated with anatomical findings. The results show the usual description of the movements of the arytenoids is not entirely correct.When the glottis is open there is very little narrowing of the airway: the vocal folds are turned upwards into the laryngeal ventricles and the arytenoid cartilages rest on the upper and lateral aspects of the cricoarytenoid facets, inclined about 45 deg. outwards. When the glottis is closed the arytenoids are moved downwards and forwards on the cricoarytenoid facets and rocked over medially through an arc of about 40 deg. until the arytneoid masses are opposed: by this means the vocal processes to which are attached the triangular vocal folds are moved downwards and medially, the vocal processes describing an arc of about 40 deg. downwards.The cricothyroid movements serve to move the arytenoids bodily. The essential component is an upward elevation of the anterior rim of the cricoid towards the thyroid in a visor-like action. Closure of the cricothyroid visor results in elongation of the vocal folds and is seen best in the production of high-pitched sound; the visor is partly opened at rest and may be opened farther during swallowing or abdominal straining or any other act in which the larynx closes. Combinations of the cricoarytenoid and cricothyroid movements make possible a wide range of adjustments in the length, depth and tension of the vocal cords.The significance of these findings in the field of clinical medicine is discussed and an account is given of patients who show absence of cricothyroid movements.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-39-465-641

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A trial comparing routine urography with drip infusion urography is described. The findings are analysed statistically and the advantages and indications for the drip-infusion examination are discussed in detail.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-39-465-655

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

1. The appearance of the duodenal cap and post-bulbar region on barium meal in 111 patients with chronic pancreatitis has been reviewed.2. Two major groups of deformity have been encountered the first manifesting as a filling or compression defect and the second as a deformity strongly resembling that due to the scarring of peptic ulceration.3. The manner in which these deformities are produced is briefly discussed.4. The infrequent association of duodenal ulceration and chronic pancreatitis is noted.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-39-465-662

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Pre-operative tomography was performed on 39 patients with ostosclerosis and for comparison 11 normal persons were also examined. A Polytome was used and the technique is described. The radiological findings are recorded and compared with the clinical and pathological changes. It is concluded that otosclerosis can be diagnosed radiologically with considerable certainty.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-39-465-669

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Three cases of osteochondritis dissecans patellae are described, two of which have been proved at operation. Osteochondritis dissecans in general has been briefly reviewed. The differential diagnosis when this condition appears in the patella has been discussed.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-39-465-673

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This book is a collection of papers, with discussions, presented at a Symposium on Ultrasound in Biology and Medicine held at the University of Illinois in June, 1962. There are 25 full papers and an abstract. The first five papers are on general aspects of the acion of ultrasound.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-39-465-675-b

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Measurements of radioactivity in five men were made during and after a period of chronic oral exposure (∼O·5 μCi/day) to85Sr. The experimental methods used to determine whole-body contents and skeletal contents are described. The retention up to ∼500 days after the end of the exposure could be well described either by a three-component exponential function of time or by the integrated form of the sum of an exponential function and a power function of time, and the appropriate form of the latter predicted with fair accuracy the build-up of skeletal85Sr during the exposure in the two cases where experimental data were available. The average retention equations were used to calculate the bone levels during 1953 to 1964 of fall-out90Sr in adults in the United Kingdom using the average dietary intake. The results suggested that the average biological half-life of 750 days found in this study is too short for predictions over long periods. Use of a biological half-life of 2,000 days gave results which were very similar to those from the integrated power function, but which were about half the observed bone levels in the national survey. A possible reason for this is discussed.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-39-465-676

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The procedure used in calculating gonadal X-ray exposure resulting from diagnostic radiographic examinations conducted in private physicians' offices in New York City is presented. The data collected in this study include technical and patient information relating to 47,000 radiographic exposures gathered in a sample consisting of 679 offices, each supplying data on all examinations and patients for a one month period. Since direct measurement was precluded by the nature of the sample, a unique approach was devised to calculate the gonadal dose for each exposure for the purpose of ultimately arriving at the genetically significant dose to the population.The method is predicated on: (1) a one point calibration of each radiographic unit which includes output and HVT determination; (2) a procedure which can predict output and HVT at any kVp for that unit to within 4 per cent; (3) an accurately determined set of measured gonadal doses in a realistic human phantom; and (4) a procedure for realistically modifying these doses for the anthropometric characteristics of any patient and the technical variables associated with specific examinations.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-39-465-686

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The high standard of this series of books on the chemical and biological effects of radiation has been maintained in the present volume. The whole series is a useful reference work to those undertaking research in the field.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-39-465-692-b

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The design characteristics of a compact free-air ionisation chamber, for use with X rays generated from 10 to 50 kVp, are discussed. It is shown that its sensitivity does not vary in this range by more than 3 per cent. Used in conjunction with a transistorised electrometer, rates from 0 to 10,000 R/minute can be measured.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-39-465-693

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY