摘要:

The admonishing words of John Humter, “It is astonishing to see what little curiosity people have to observe the operations of nature and how very curious they are about the operations of art”, deserve to be especially emphasised in the diagnosis and treatment of bone tumours.The purpose of this paper is to set forth the details of a number of cases which were watched throughout their course, during which they exhibited features liable to be misinterpreted as indicating malignancy and the need for drastic surgical measures, yet which resolved without any major surgical intervention. In some, major surgical measures would undoubtedly have been performed but for other features in the cases which indicated the futility of such action.M.M. aged fourteen years attended The Accident Hospital, December 28, 1944, complaining of a tender swelling over the upper left arm which she said had developed from a severe blow which she had received at the site seven weeks previously. Radio-graphs of the lesion had been taken and were submitted to me for opinion with the presumptive diagnosis of Ewing's Sarcoma. They showed (see Fig. 1) multiple regular periosteal accretions mainly over the antero-medial aspect of the upper third of the humeral shaft. At this site the outline of the compact tissue was broken and irregular and the contained cancellous structure was blurred and of uneven density. There were no spicules from the periphery of the bone and no calcium deposits in the soft tissues in the area.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-20-232-129

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1947

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The merit of surveying a large group of persons by means of miniature radiographs is that it discovers unsuspected lesions and discovers them early. Applied to mediastinal tumour, however, diagnosis is too difficult for this approach.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-20-232-144-a

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1947

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cancer production in mice by carcinogenic hydrocarbons is discussed as a model of industrial skin cancer by pitch and tar. The hydrocarbons are treated from the point of view of: (1) their discovery and isolation from tar, (2) potency in relation to (a) chemical constitution and (b) dosage, (3) influence of other irritants on carcinogenesis by hydrocarbons, (4) the attempts to understand the mechanism of carcinogenesis. The problem of the latent period and histological changes in mouse skin during the process are briefly referred to.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-20-232-145

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1947

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

I feel it a great honour to have been invited to speak to so important a gathering of scientists on a subject, or rather part of a subject, in which for the past twenty-six years I have taken a particular interest.It is necessary at the present time to be very precise, and rather than use the ambiguous term “industrial health” I prefer to speak of the study of diseases attributable to occupation, a branch of medicine whose prestige was so high in the days of my late revered chief, Sir Thomas Legge, who had the art of moulding those who served him to his own likeness. Dr. Sybil Horner is the only member of Legge's crew left as a practising medical inspector to carry his ensign and preserve his tradition by combining, let us hope, the qualities of a Martha and of a Mary.Our terms of reference are the consideration of the relationship between certain chemical compounds or mixtures, especially pitch, tar, and tarry products including soot, encountered in certain occupations, in certain undertakings including factories; and one form of cancer, namely, an epithelioma, whether squamous celled, or basal celled (otherwise rodent ulcer) (Fig. 4), on the skin and its various sites.Certain authorities abroad apply the term epithelioma to both the malignant and the benign growth, whereas in this country we reserve it for the malignant stage, using the term “new growth, papillomatous, or keratotic” to denote the benign or precancerous stage.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-20-232-149

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1947

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Dr. P. Ross, discussing the question from the clinical point of view, concentrated on the neoplastic effects and what he called the degenerative effects. There were two types of growth—the simple papilloma and the malignant epithelioma. So far as the simple papilloma or papular pitch wart was concerned, the latent period could be as short as six months from commencing contact with the materials pitch or tar. The appearance of this papilloma was not unlike that of the small wart. At times it was a keratotic patch and at other times a small pedunculated papilloma. The end results, if left alone, might be resolution and healing, but it might become malignant and sometimes it became hyperkeratotic and formed a cutaneous horn.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-20-232-157

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1947

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

From the point of view of treatment, pitch warts and pitch and tar cancer constitute a very satisfactory group of tumours. However much we may deprecate the fact that these workers are exposed to carcinogenic agents and run the risk of developing cancer as a result of their work, they do show what can be done when a group of people are trained to report to their doctors at the earliest suspicion of trouble, when medical inspection is available, and when the doctors concerned have the possibility of cancer always in mind. It is, of course, a very simplified example of a method of dealing with a cancer problem, but even if some may feel that the problem ought to be avoided altogether, at least we can say that it is one which is dealt with efficiently. The combination of education of the patients, vigilance of the industrial medical officers, and accessibility of the tumours produces a 100 per cent, cure rate.In the past these lesions were often treated by the insertion of radon seeds. The introduction to this country of short-distance low-voltage X-ray therapy, or “contact” therapy, in 1935, provided a simpler and more efficient form of radiotherapy, ideally suited to the treatment of small surface lesions which soon supplanted radon in this field of industrial skin cancer.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-20-232-158

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1947

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Dr. Smithers' book on X-ray therapy of accessible cancer is an account of the types of skin and lip cancer, and to a less extent of cancer of the mouth, and of their treatment, together with a statement of the results achieved in the case of skin cancers.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-20-232-163

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1947

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Measurement of the outlet is a relatively neglected aspect of pelvimetry. The reason seems to be that the outlet is accessible to clinical examination, and the general feeling is that clinical methods are sufficiently accurate. Clinical measurement, however, is usually rough and subject to major errors, and there are few who use special outlet pelvimeters (Nicholson and Tauber, 1945; Thoms, 1946).It will not be denied that knowledge of the capacity of the outlet is important for the practice of good obstetrics. Disproportion at the inlet can often be gauged with reasonable accuracy by using the head as a pelvimeter, and if found can be dealt with by the appropriate elective procedure. Disproportion at the outlet, however, cannot be recognised by using the head in this manner before labour, and, if encountered unexpectedly late in labour, it may well prove disastrous to both mother and fœtus. Some have even decried outlet measurements on the dangerous and fallacious assumption that outlet contraction does not occur except in association with inlet contraction. No system of pelvimetry could be termed complete which failed to take the outlet into consideration.In a previous communication (Allen, 1943), the radiological aspects of the subpubic angle were discussed at length, and it was suggested that measurement of the angle might be replaced by measurement of what was termed “the symphysis-biparietal distance”. Since then, the method has been further investigated, modified, and extended.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-20-232-164

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1947

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Hon. Editors wish to acknowledge the receipt of the following:—American Heart Journal, December 1946 and January 1947.American Journal of Roentgenology, December 1946 and January 1947.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-20-232-169

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1947

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Professor James Heyman, M.D., R.N.O.Professor James Heyman was born in 1882, and qualified at Uppsala in 1912. Specialising in Gynæcology he joined Professor Forssell at the beginning of the Stockholm Radium Home in 1914, founding and developing the “Stockholm method” on Forssell' principles.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-20-232-170-c

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1947

数据来源: WILEY