摘要:

A technique of cystography designed to assist in the diagnosis and assessment of bladder tumours is described. The contrast media used are Steripaque, a sterilised suspension of barium sulphate, and carbon dioxide. A number of cystograms is demonstrated, and an attempt made to assess the place of cystography in the light of the other diagnostic procedures commonly in use.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-34-400-205

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In Southern Nigeria there is a very high incidence of post-bulbar duodenal ulcers. These often present with a typical intermittent history of abdominal pain frequently referred to the back and episodes of haematemesis or melaena. Perforation and obstructive symptoms are rare.The radiographic features of these ulcers are discussed and attention is drawn to the occasional occurrence of choledochoduodenal fistula and incompetence of the ampulla of Vater.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-34-400-216

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Some congenital anomalies of the circle of Willis are presented with a discussion of the embryology of the area. These anomalies are illustrated by means of angiography and a brief analysis of the relative incidence of these anomalies is given. The high incidence is stressed. Their clinical significance is briefly discussed.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-34-400-221

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The paper presents measurements of the amount and quality of radiation scattered from materials of different atomic numbers. At all energies of the primary X-ray beam used, low atomic number materials scatter the greatest quantity of radiation, the differences in the normal deep therapy range being large. The quality of the radiation scattered shows a maximum for scatterers of medium atomic number in this energy range and a steady increase with atomic number at the highest energy used.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-34-400-227

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this book is to provide in simple and concise form the background of physics which is essentual for all who seek to enter the field of medical or incustrial radiology.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-34-400-235

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Using the concept of “tumour-air ratio”, formulae are derived for the dependence of axial depth dose on changes in focal distance, field area and depth.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-34-400-236

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

138 patients with abdominal tumours have been investigated for renal complications by the isotope-nephrographic test. The results obtained compared with the results of radiological examination are given. The value of isotopenephrography and its merits for the early detection of renal complications are discussed.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-34-400-241

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Dose: cure-rate curves for tumours have been calculated from dose: survival curves for single cells, on the assumption that if a tumour is to be cured, every cell in it must be deprived of the ability to continue to reproduce. Host factors have been neglected.A value for the radiosensitivity of the cells in squamous carcinomata of the mouth and skin has been deduced from a dose: cure-rate relation for these tumours. A figure of 134 rads was obtained for the D0value of the cells; this is similar to the values which have been reported for a number of kinds of mammalian and human cells irradiated in culture and for a strain of leukemic mouse cells irradiatedin vivo.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-34-400-246

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The theoretical implications of the X-ray dose response curves for reproductive integrity of mammalian cells are discussed, and a calculation of the accumulated effective dose under continuous irradiation with different dose rates is given.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-34-400-252

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

There is at present no standard method of specifying tumour dose and differences in terminology can lead to difficulty in the comparison of clinical prescriptions between radiotherapy departments.For instance, if in a particular case the dose distribution is such that the limits of tumour dose are 3,600 and 4,400 rads (i.e.a total variation of 20 per cent), this dose may be stated according to several different conventions as:(a) 4,000 rads ± 10 per cent,i.e.themedian dose.(b) 4,400 rads,i.e.themaximum dose.(c) 3,600 rads,i.e.theminimum dose.It is evident that, in the interests of comparison of dose levels and efficiency of techniques some standardisation is necessary and it may be useful to consider what information is desirable, albeit this may be difficult to determine fully in practice. Thelimitsof tumour dose are obviously of interest, but themedianvalue usually given may be misleading. For a range of 3,600–4,400 rads the distribution may be such that the majority of the tumour receives either 3,700 or 4,300 rads. In both cases themediandose would be 4,000 rads but theaveragedoses (the average values of the energy dissipated per gram throughout the tumour) would differ by nearly 20 per cent, with consequent markedly different radiobiological effects (Oliver and Lajtha, 1961).If the dose distribution were known completely it would be possible to construct a distribution curve for the energy dissipation per gram (Fig. 1) from which theaverage dosecould be determined.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-34-400-258

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY