摘要:

TheLancet, in a recent issue, remarks that in the medical world there is generally a question of the day when a particular operation or line of treatment or diagnosis is being decried by some and as warmly defended by others. At present radiology is holding the stage. As there is a certain section of the lay public which prefers a medical attendant with alcoholic tendencies on the ground that “he is so clever when sober,” so there is in the medical profession a section which blindly follows the result of an X-ray examination and believes as it were in a radiogramper se, not knowing whether it is good, bad, or indifferent. This attitude of mind leads to many mistakes and produces much indifferent work. The question then arises as to what constitutes a good radiogram. It is easier to say that a bad radiogram is one in which some variation from the normal is not shown owing to want of reasonable care or knowledge on the part of one or other of the persons concerned. But does the onus of a bad radiogram rest entirely on the radiologist? We venture to think not. Other possible culprits, assuming that first-class modern apparatus is used, can only be the patient and the physician or surgeon at whose request the work is undertaken.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-1-12-443

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1928

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Dr. JohnMacintyre.—Dr. John Macintyre, who died in Glasgow on Monday, the 29th October, 1928, at the age of 71, was the fourth President of the Rontgen Society from 1900 to 1901.I remember very well the first demonstration of the “New Light”—X rays which was given by Dr. Macintyre in Glasgow University in January, 1896. All the apparatus was set up, there was a large gathering of students and doctors, but, alas! the tube could not be got to function. However, the story of the discovery was told and various theories put forward as to what the X ray was. Radiographs of various objects—coins in a purse, a dead rat in a box, etc. —were passed round.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-1-12-445

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1928

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

I Fear for the future of medical radiology. In my opening remarks as President of the Section of Radiology at the Annual Meeting of the British Medical Association held at Glasgow in 1922, I said “I foresee the almost complete extinction of the radiologist as a private consultant”. You will find a full report in theBritish Medical Journalof Sept. 16 of that year.It is becoming increasingly difficult for a radiologist to start in private practice. There remain so few openings. The initial cost of efficient and up-to-date apparatus is so great that only a few can meet it. The running expenses and overhead charges are so considerable that a large turnover is necessary to make any profit at all.Our field, also, is becoming gradually narrowed. Take, for example, the treatment of ringworm. In all the large towns it is done in school clinics by whole-time medical officers. I don't see two cases a year now, although I am not frightened to tackle the job. Then, examination of the chest for T.B. silicosis, etc. Here again this is done by whole-time men under the direction of the Medical Officer of Health.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-1-12-447

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1928

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The informal meeting of medical members on Friday, December 14, was most interesting, as these meetings usually are.A first set of pathological specimens, representing diseases of bone, along with the respective skiagraphs, were exhibited, and this effort to set the teaching of radiological diagnosis upon a broader and more scientific basis was much appreciated.Dr. Finzi showed an abnormal cone-shaped diaphragm, Dr. Rowden explained a simple method of pelvimetry, Dr. Barclay described a cassette for serial radiography, and several other films were exhibited and discussed.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-1-12-453-a

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1928

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The theoretical investigations of the previous paper led to the result that in cross-beam treatment one must be guided by the following rules:—1. The crossing cones must envelop the regions to be treated as closely as feasible.2. There must be no redundancy of cones, which means that the diaphragms delimiting the cones ought to be co-ordinated.3. The layers of matter from the centre of the region of treatment to the surface must be equal for each port of entry and as small as possible.4. Compression ought to be applied simultaneously from all ports of entry. This compression, however, should not interface with a desirable displacement of organs out of the path of the beams.5. Whenever feasible a tetrahedron arrangement and, if possible, that of a regular tetrahedron is to be preferred. When this cannot be done for anatomical and physical reasons the arrangement of the regular triangle is the next best one.6. From the practical point of view we may add as a sixth rule that the arrangements, involving compression, addition of absorbing and scattering layers of matter and adjustments of beams in relation to the part to be treated must be obtainable with as little loss of time as possible and with a minimum of inconvenience to the patient, and be easily reproducible.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-1-12-454

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1928

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It frequently happens in the use of radon “seeds” therapeutically that the total dose given is required in equivalent milligram-hours. Thus a seed of 2 m.c. is left in the patient for ten days and we require to know the equivalent dose in milligram hours. The amount may obviously be calculated by taking the percentage destruction of the radon during the time of exposure, and thence by multiplication by the original strength of seed the total millicuries destroyed is obtained. From this result, by multiplying by the factor of conversion (= 132) the dose in milligram-hours is finally calculated. The process is somewhat lengthy in practice, even with a graph from which the percentage decay may be read directly. Moreover the value of the conversion factor is involved, and it seemed preferable to construct a slide-rule arrangement capable of reading the doses directly from the original strength of “seed” and time left in the patient. A simple device which has been found useful at the Caner Hospital was therefore constructed, and it is in the hope that some such arrangement may be useful to others that this description is published.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-1-12-467

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1928

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the House of Commons on Monday, November 19, Sir H. Brittain asked the Prime Minister whether, in view of the increased demand for radium for curative purposes and of the uneconomical character of purchases of small quantities by institutions, he would consider rendering Government assistance in obtaining supplies.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-1-12-470-a

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1928

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The radiological findings in focal sepsis depend on the age and nature of the lesion, the virulence of the infection and the susceptibility of the patient to the infection.As the blood stream is the vehicle by which the products of sepsis are carried throughout the body from the septic process, it is obvious that if such absorption is taking place any or every organ or tissue in the body may undergo inflammatory or degenerative changes, and it has been proved by the most careful clinical and experimental observations with innumerable patients that inflammatory lesions in many organs have been so produced.In some cases the infection or intoxication manifests itself as a local inflammatory lesion in a definite organ such as the heart, eye, ear, joint or skin, but in many cases the septic absorption leads to groups of symptoms—a classification of the more common types of general infection was recorded by Dr. Leonard Mackey. The exact relationship between open dental sepsis—in which the organisms and toxins are swallowed—and acute or chronic inflammatory lesions of the alimentary tract (gastric and duodenal ulcer,colitis, etc.) has not been definitely established, but there is much evidence to suggest that the former produces the latter.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-1-12-471

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1928

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The author has collected those cases of cancer coli which during the period 1914—1926 were Röntgenologically examined and operated upon at the “Serafimerlasarettet,” besides such cases where the Röntgenological examination was indicative of tumorous infiltration in the intestines, but where no cancer was found to be present. The total number of cases is 63. A comparison has then been made between the reliability of the clinical findings, on the one hand, and the Röntgenologically findings on the other. With the one as well as the other method, one has reckoned, besides a diagnosis of cancer, tumour or infiltration, also intestinal obstruction or organic stenosis as “positive findings.” In the light of this consideration the Röntgenological examination has been positive in 86 per cent. of the cases and the clinical method in 56 per cent. Of the operable cases the Röntgenological examination has been positive in 91 per cent. and the clinical diagnosis in 48 per cent. Of the inoperable cases the Röntgenological examination gave positive findings in 82 per cent. of the cases and the clinical method in 70 per cent. In the advanced inoperable cases, where Röntgenological examination yielded uncertain results, one was able clinically to make a positive diagnosis. The methods have, therefore, complemented one another in an excellent manner.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-1-12-480

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1928

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Most radiologists must have been puzzled at some time or other, when examining radiograms of the chest, by the occasional finding of a fine convex line which begins at the right apex and curves downwards and inwards towards the mediastinum, to end just below the level of the costal cartilage of the first rib in a dense comma-shaped shadow. The situation of both the line and the comma-shaped shadow is, however, subject to wide variation. In some cases the line is quite near to the mediastinum, in others much further out and the comma-shaped shadow may be as low as the level of the costal cartilage of the second rib. (Figs. 1 and 2.) One of us (J.H.M.) when reporting, has drawn the attention of his physician colleagues to this shadow, without hitherto being able to offer any adequate explanation of its presence.In July of this year, Bendick and Wessler (1928) described and interpreted this shadow, and pointed out how few are the references to it in Röntgenological literature. Wessler and J aches had described it for the first time in 1923; they thought that possibly it was due to some congenital anomaly, because of the constancy of its appearance in relation to the right upper lobe. Velde (1927) suggested that the convex line might represent the fissure which cuts off the so-called azygos lobe from the rest of the upper lobe of the right lung, an explanation supported by Hjelms and Hultén (April 1928).

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-1-12-481

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1928

数据来源: WILEY