摘要:

All who are concerned in the treatment of cancer must be interested in any evidence that is brought forward of a constitutional effect produced by the disease, particularly if it is of such a nature that it will lead to a laboratory test that will help in the diagnosis or guide treatment. Many such claims have been made and we publish today an article in which a modification of the Bendien test is described and in which a claim is made that, by this means, useful information can be obtained as to whether metastases are present or not.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-8-90-339

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1935

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

“To-day if all the knowledge that is now available is utilised skilfully, practically all the cancers of the skin can be prevented, and if they are treated reasonably early, while the disease involves only the skin, practically all of them should be cured.”

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-8-90-340-a

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1935

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The main methods of defining the “quality” of an X-ray beam are discussed and criticised. It is concluded that the simple half-value method is, at the moment, least open to criticism.Spectra of high voltage radiations through Pb, Sn and Cu show the superiority of Sn as a filter. This is demonstrated in many ionisation experiments. Combinations of metals are discussed and suggestions made for practical filters.The question of the most suitable metal for h.v.l. measurements is raised, and it is suggested that tin is the most suitable material.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-8-90-341

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1935

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The author first discusses the present situation, quoting various authors to show that the order of sensitivity is as follows: neck, abdomen, back, face, scalp and extremities.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-8-90-364

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1935

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To sum up:—1. The vanadic acid test carried out in apparently healthy people gives results of sufficient constancy to establish a norm.2. Where the vanadic acid test varies from the normal, variations in the “green field” appear to be a measure of resistance to disease, whereas the red field measures toxicity.3. Although the test is non-specific the graph affords a great deal of useful information when the disease is already known.4. When the test is positive in certain diseases, it can be brought back to normal by suitable wide-field X-ray therapy. Examples have been given in cases of asthma, spondylitis and breast cancer.5. The use of the vanadic acid test is not, of course, limited to the control of X-ray treatment. In cancer, for instance, the favourable alteration in the graphs may be shown as a result of therapy of another kind, such as the injection of colloidal selenium.6. While the local effects of X rays will always be of importance, the time has come when it should be realised that X-radiation is also a powerful drug, having a pharmacology and therapeutics of its own, which will repay the closest study.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-8-90-365

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1935

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The problem of speeding up production is one of the oldest in radiology. Even in the early days, the days of glass plates, there was a constant stream of enquiries from the casualty department and wards for urgent reports and for wet plates to be sent up. Fortunately, glass plates were replaced by films before the overwhelming expansion in numbers that, using plates, would have made conditions absolutely unworkable. But even with relatively small numbers there were difficulties, and many expedients were resorted to speed up the work. Development was, of course, in trays, one at a time, and much ingenuity was expended in making mechanical rockers that would take several dishes at once. The hypo dish attained vast proportions. These problems disappeared with the introduction of time development in tanks. The washing of plates was difficult—hospitals thought twice and even rebelled if the radiologist asked for a big lead tank for the purpose. Most of us, however, made the discovery that the secret of washing was satisfactorily solved by a sparge pipe, a pipe with many holes, across the top of the wide, shallow lead-lined tanks that were provided in most dark rooms. The water streamed off an inclined piece of wood on to the plates which were laid flat, in contact end to end, so that the water flowed down over them.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-8-90-373

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1935

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

At a meeting of the Institute held on May 16, 1935, the following new member was elected: C. P. Hollis.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-8-90-384

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1935

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the clinical use of radium, it is of the utmost importance that the radium should be so distributed as to give a field of radiation as nearly uniform as possible, and of the required intensity at every point of the region under treatment. In actual practice, it is only possible to obtain a rough approximation to uniformity, but the greater the skill of the operator the closer will be his approximation and the more satisfactory the result obtained. It therefore becomes of importance to work out the distribution of radiation for certain distributions of radium of common occurence, so that this known distribution may be used as a basis for clinical practice.The exact calculation, even in the case of a single needle, involves a complicated mathematical analysis, but by a simple method the radiation at any point can be ascertained with quite sufficient accuracy for clinical purposes, even in quite complicated distributions of radium.A specially divided scale is employed so constructed that for a milligram of radium placed at any point of the scale, the reading at that point gives in r units the radiation at the origin of the scale. As a basis of calculation, it is taken that the radiation from a milligram of radium element at a distance of 1 cm. is 8 r units per hour, this being the accepted figure for a screenage of 0·5 mm. of platinum.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-8-90-385

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1935

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The author's summary is given.The carrying out of protracted fractionation irradiation of tumours of the upper air passages demands individuality of technique and strict observation of the patient's own radiation-rhythm.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-8-90-392-a

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1935

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Much has recently been written concerning the investigation of the urinary tract by means of intravenous injections of uroselectan and similar compounds, but the oral method appears to have attracted so little attention in this country that it is perhaps worth while recording the general conclusions which have been reached after nearly six months' experience of the method.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-8-90-393

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1935

数据来源: WILEY