摘要:

Before entering into details on this subject I would like to stress the basic importance of organising the radiological procedure. We cannot expect much in this field of diagnosis if some main requirements are not fulfilled. The X-ray department should preferably be placed close to the surgical department, so that the patients can be easily transported and examined without delay, and so that the surgeon can go to the X-ray department and discuss the findings with the radiologist as soon as the examination is finished. All the films must be ready for a closer study and hung up for demonstration in a “wet-reading room”.As the surgeon becomes familiar with the examination he will send most abdominal emergencies for X-ray examination, thereby also improving the results, keeping the radiologist in constant training and giving him further experience.The larger emergency hospitals receive many of these patients, and from these centres knowledge and experience should be gained and then spread to smaller hospitals where such cases are not so often encountered.Evidently, the value of radiology in acute abdominal conditions must be considered in relation to and compared with, the clinical examination. Although “acute abdomen” usually means both emergency and surgery, we should not forget that such cases are seen also in medical wards.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-28-335-581

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1955

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In my student days, when the immediate future always seemed to be dominated by an examination of some kind, I suffered from a recurrent dream—I dare say some of you may well have experienced the same sort of thing—that, admitted to the presence of my examiners, I found that I was to be questioned not, as I had supposed, about medicine or surgery, but about differential calculus or Latin verses or at any rate some subject upon which my knowledge was so meagre that I was certain to cut a very inadequate and undignified figure. When I accepted your kind invitation to help open a discussion upon a radiological subject, it had not struck me how near I might be to making this dream come true. Yet, since we all know that very occasionally a lesion found at operation differs slightly from that forecast in the X-ray department and that some surgeons have been known in such circumstances to pursue their radiological colleagues into their lair in order to put them right, entirely in a helpful spirit of course, I do realise how delicate is my position this afternoon. The status of an early Christian flung to the lions was no more poignant than that of a solitary surgeon poised precariously above a horde of ravening radiologists.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-28-335-586

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1955

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Victoria Hospital for Children, London, S.W.3, is one of the smaller paediatric units with 110 beds and a yearly outpatient attendance of 25,000 infants and children. From the material of this hospital I wish to give examples of the benefits derived from studying plain radiographs of the abdomen and subject them to a critical survey. The main source of contrast is provided by air swallowed during feeding and crying. The contrast is in no way inferior to that provided by barium, yet interest in air contrast studies has lagged behind and occupied second place to barium technique. The reason has to be sought for in the great many variables which affect the presence and distribution of gas in the intestine (Table I).The amount of gas is determined by the balance between intake and elimination. The intake dependsinter aliaupon the vigour and efficiency of sucking movements, the position in which the infant is held during and between feeds, type and consistency of food, skill in handling and nervous factors (Magnusson and Engström, 1932; Snow and Cassasa, 1935; Soveri, 1939). The intake is considerably increased in cases of oesophageal atresia, where air is actively pressed into the stomach through the lower tracheo-oesophageal fistula while the glottis is closed during crying and choking.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-28-335-590

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1955

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

For many years we described radiographic positions as “anterior”, “posterior”, “right lateral”, “left lateral”, etc. Between the wars a practice arose of describing the first two as “postero-anterior” and “antero-posterior”, usually shortened to PA and AP.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-28-335-604-b

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1955

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Measurements have been made with a scintillation spectrometer of the spectral distribution of primary radiation from a 280 kVp X-ray machine for H.V.L.s of 1·7, 2·5 and 3·1 mm of copper. The measured distributions have been corrected for crystal and photomultiplier effects using measured spectra for monochromatic radiation. The corrected distributions have been compared with those obtained by analysis of absorption data.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-28-335-605

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1955

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Preliminary Programme was sent in June to 10,000 radiologists throughout the world. Anyone interested in receiving a copy should write to the Congress office, stating whether they would prefer the English, Spanish, French or German version.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-28-335-609

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1955

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The normal anatomy of the palmar fascia and histopathological changes occurring in Dupuytren's contracture are briefly described. The presenting signs are reviewed in 34 cases and correlated with these pathological and anatomical changes.The results of treatment by surgery alone are given and reasons for overall unsatisfactory outcome discussed. Two techniques of radiation treatment are described as well as the combined orthopaedic-radiotherapy policy practised.Roughly half the cases treated by radiotherapy alone obtain a satisfactory result. A combination of surgery and pre-operative radiotherapy is suggested for late cases, thereby lessening the chance of recurrence.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-28-335-610

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1955

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This book consists of 29 chapters ranging from development and normal anatomy through dental pathology to general diseases of bone. The author is a professor of dental surgery and not a radiologist and, though he brings a breadth of clinical experience to the book, the X-ray films which form the great majority of his illustrations, are not all as accurately described or as critically selected as they should be in a work of this nature.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-28-335-614

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1955

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The use of a colloidal suspension of thorium dioxide as a radiological contrast medium dates from about 1928 (Blühbaum, Frik and Kalkbrenner, 1928; Radt, 1930a, 1930b) and Thorotrast is the best known of such preparations. While excellent results are obtained in angiography, hepatography, arthrography, etc., and in the main no undesirable side-reactions are immediately apparent, the possibility of delayed deleterious effects due to the radioactivity of the thorium must be considered very seriously, because after injection the thorium dioxide deposits throughout the reticulo-endothelial system. The amounts normally used have been up to 75 ml., containing about 15 g of thorium, or the equivalent of 3 to 4 μg of radium, as far as α radiation is concerned. That skeletal deposits of as little as 5 μg of radium are carcinogenic is no longer in doubt (Martland, 1929; Aub, Evans, Hempelmann and Martland, 1952) and several examples of malignant tumours (Abrahamson, O'Connor and Abrahamson, 1950; MacMahon, Murphy and Bates, 1947; Rudolphi, 1950; Ruf and Philipp, 1950; Silva Horta, 1953; Zollinger, 1949) and blood disorders (Grebe, 1954; Johansen, 1954; Schmidt, Schultz and Lapp, 1950; Spier, Cluff and Urry, 1947) attributable to Thorotrast have been reported. The shortest latent period appears to be 3·2 years for the induction of malignant tumours (Silva Horta, 1953) and to be six years for the blood disorders, in a case of myeloid leukemia (Grebe, 1954).

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-28-335-615

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1955

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A brief survey is given of literature on effects of ACTH on bone marrow and on radiation sickness. A personal experience of application of this drug in radiotherapy is described and the results of a clinical trial are discussed.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-28-335-620

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1955

数据来源: WILEY