摘要:

AbstractEight novel methylcarbamates, derivatives of ferrocenylketoximes and aldoximes, and ferrocenyl‐p‐hydroxyphenylaldimine were prepared. They are the first carbamates in the field of ferrocene derivaties. Their anticholinesterase activity was tested and found to fall in the range of 10−4through 10−6M (I50). The correlation between the activity of the compounds and the kind of substitutents grafted on the methylene carbon atom is di

ISSN:0360-4012    

DOI:10.1002/jnr.490050102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe oxidation of [1,3‐14C]glycerol to14CO was measured in slices, whole homogenates, and subcellular fractions of rat brain. In all of these tissue preparations, the Lineweaver‐Burk plots of glycerol oxidation were biphasic, yielding two apparent Kmand V values. Similar kinetic characteristics were obtained with brain homogenates from guinea pig, mouse, rabbit, monkey, and pig. In other tissues of the rat, including heart, kidney, liver, and skeletal muscle, the Lineweaver‐Burk plots for glycerol oxidation were not biphasic but were linear. Heating the brain homogenates for five minutes at 5°C caused a 50% decrease in the rate of oxidation of glycerol without a change in the biphasic double reciprocal plot. The addition of purified glycerol kinase (EC 2.7.1.30) to the homogenate caused an increase in the rate of oxidation and resulted in a linear Lineweaver‐Burk plot. Brain mitochondria were prepared by two different methods, both of which yielded an enrichment of glycerol oxidation. In contrast, the rate of glucose oxidation was higher in homogenates than in mitochondria, and glucose competed with glycerol as substrate only extramitochondrially. The effects of various metabolic inhibitors suggested the participation of intact, coupled mitochondria, of glycolytic enzymes, and of electron transport in the oxidation of glycerol. The data support the primary localization of glycerol oxidation in nonsynaptic mitochondria in brain and the presence in that organelle of enzymes of the Embden‐Meyerhoff pathway or an as yet unidentified system for oxidizing thi

ISSN:0360-4012    

DOI:10.1002/jnr.490050103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn view of the demonstrated involvement of the hippocampus in the mediation of adrenocortical responses following sciatic nerve stimulation, the role of the septum and the preoptic area in the transmission of this response was investigated. Changes in plasma corticosterone following ether stress and photic, acoustic, or sciatic nerve stimulation were studied in intact rats and in animals with lesions in the medial septal nucleus and the preoptic area. The response to ether stress and to photic and acoustic stimulation was normal in these animals. However, the adrenocortical response to sciatic nerve stimulation was partially reduced in the rats with lesions in the superior, but not in the inferior preoptic area, and it was completely blocked in those with medial septal lesions. Our previous and present experiments indicate that the ventral hippocampus, the fimbria, the septum, and anterior hypothalamic afferents mediate the adrenocortical response to somatosensory stimulation.

ISSN:0360-4012    

DOI:10.1002/jnr.490050104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe have measured the effect of anesthetics on sulfate transport in the human erythrocyte and have found that a wide variety of chemical classes of anesthetics, including the anesthetic steroid alphaxalone, inhibit sulfate transport in human erythrocytes at concentrations paralleling the concentrations that block nerve conduction. These experiments suggest that anesthetics act through a general mechanism and that the sulfate transport system in the red blood cell is a good model for studying the mechanism of action of anesthetics.

ISSN:0360-4012    

DOI:10.1002/jnr.490050105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMale Wistar rats treated with apomorphine (1.0 mg/kg) twice daily for several days exhibited two distinct behavioural responses characterized by stereotyped sniffing or ritualized fighting. The fighting response first appeared on the third day of drug administration and became more severe with repeated treatment. It differed from previously reported apomorphine‐induced aggression [McKenzie, 1971] in that dominant and subordinate rats did not emerge between pairs of fighting rats. Mild defensive fighting occurred in other animals after seven days of drug treatment. Marked differences were observed between aggressive and nonaggressive rats both during the acute effects of the drug and several hours after these effects had worn off. These differences included disturbance in the “open field” behaviour and the reaction to handling. Once a specific behaviour was established in an individual rat, it was not possible to induce a different reaction to apomorphine.It was shown that, in a group of rats similar in age, sex, strain, and body weight, chronic treatment with a low dose of apomorphine induced distinct and reproducible behavioural patterns. The standard rating scale for apomorphine‐induced stereotyped behaviour was shown to be inadequate for the study of such diverse beh

ISSN:0360-4012    

DOI:10.1002/jnr.490050106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects on excitation contraction coupling (ECC) of ketamine (a dissociative general anesthetic) were investigated using the sartorius muscle of the frog. Extracellular studies revealed that ketamine depressed action potential production in a concentration‐dependent manner. Ketamine decreased both the conduction velocity and the compound action potential while concomitantly increasing the threshold current. Intracellular studies showed that ketamine caused a slight non‐significant decrease in the membrane potential and also decreased the threshold potential (mechanical threshold). Ketamine (1.5 × 10−4M and 3.0 × 10−4M) initially potentiated and then blocked the twitch response elicited by direct muscle stimulation. Both of these effects were statistically different from control values. These findings suggest that ketamine alters action potential production in frog skeletal muscle. This property of ketamine contributes in part to the disruption of ECC observed with this drug. The results suggest that ketamine probably interferes with calcium binding, its release and/or its fluxes which may contribute to the initial potentiation and subsequent depression of twitc

ISSN:0360-4012    

DOI:10.1002/jnr.490050107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAfter hemisection of the spinal cord in rats, alterations in amino acid incorporation into protein have been observed in both brain and spinal cord. Proteins mediating these changes have been studied in the present experiment. Male, Long‐Evans hooded rats were given either a laminectomy and dura incision (sham) at spinal segment T2, a left spinal cord hemisection, or no operative procedures. One hour prior to utilization at 1, 3 and 14 days postoperation, animals were injected subcutaneously with 200 μCi of [3H]‐L‐lysine and 200 μCi of [3H]‐L‐amino acid mixture. Samples were prepared for electrophoresis and proteins separated on linear gradient SDS polyacrylamide slab gels (7.5–20% acrylamide). The Gel slabs were cut into slices and processed for scintillation counting. In right somatomotor cortex, there was evidence for a general stimulation of amino acid incorporation at one day postoperation in animals which received surgery. At other postoperation intervals, significant increases in proteins in the regions of 90–150,000, 50–65,000 and 35–45,000 molecular weight (MW) were observed. In spinal cord, significant increases in proteins in the regions of 55–65,000, 30–45,000 and 15,000 MW were observed over postoperation time in all animals receiving surgery compared to normals. A large, significant increase in the radioactivity of proteins in the region of 18–20,000 MW were observed in the spinal cord lesion site of spinal hemisected animals alone at three days postoperation. These results indicate that increases in amino acid incorporation into the brain and spinal cord of laminectomized and spinal hemisected animals observed previously are the result of both specific and nonspecific changes in protein in

ISSN:0360-4012    

DOI:10.1002/jnr.490050108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDorsomedial hypothalamic lesions (DMNL) were produced in 26‐day‐old and 44‐day‐old male rats. Sham‐operated rats served as controls. Tail‐pinching (TP) was performed for five minutes at a time over two periods: the first TP period of six sessions each from post‐operative day 1 to day 17 and the second TP period of eight sessions from post‐operative day 18 to day 35. Three equicloric diets, high‐carbohydrate, high‐fat, and high‐protein, were presented ad libitum in pellet form during the TP sessions. Lab chow was available ad libitum in the home cages. Rats with DMNL at age 26 days did not show TP‐induced hyperphagia and HCD preference compared to the controls until the second TP period. In rats lesioned at age 44 days, TP‐induced hyperphagia and HCD‐preference (compared with controls) became evident immediately after the operation. In the home cages (lab chow), DMNL rats showed a decline in food intake from the first to the second TP period, while the sham‐operated controls showed an increase. TP‐induced hyperphagia in the rat with DMNL does not appear to be caused by some arousal‐related process as has been shown for the rat with lateral hypothalamic lesions. Lesions in the nigrostriatal system have been reported to attenuate TP‐induced feeding, while the present study indicates that lesions in the DMN enhance it. This suggests that fibers in the central nervous system may be involved in facilitation

ISSN:0360-4012    

DOI:10.1002/jnr.490050109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAfter a single administration of3H‐reserpine, 10 μgm, 2.5 μCi, into the yolk of fertilized chicken eggs, gross radioactivity (reserpine plus degradation products) and the unchanged labeled drug, separated by thin layer chromatography, were assayed on the 8th and 19th day of incubation. Nanogram per gram concentrations of unchanged3H‐reserpine were recovered at both times. The3H‐reserpine recovered in the whole egg on the 8th day of incubation accounted for up to 20% of the administered dose. On the 19th day of incubation, brain showed the largest share (28%) of3H‐reserpine as a percentage of gross radioactivity of all organs investigated. Reserpine underwent considerable biodegradation in the developing chick embryo, but the concentrations of unchanged drug recovered in embryonal tissues throughout development were of the same order as those persisting in target organs of rats given a pharmacological dose of

ISSN:0360-4012    

DOI:10.1002/jnr.490050110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0360-4012    

DOI:10.1002/jnr.490050111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY