摘要:

Decreased survival rates from breast cancer in the poor and in many African-American women are pressing public health problems. Health care providers are challenged to reduce breast cancer deaths in high-risk poor and African-American populations to achieve the National Cancer Institute's goal of reducing cancer deaths 50% by the year 2000. This article presents findings from a review of the literature concerning (a) the disproportionate distribution of cancer deaths in poor and African-American populations compared with non-poor white populations; (b) breast cancer detection initiatives and barriers to health services utilization; (c) primary prevention of breast cancer; and (d) broad strategies to empower poor and African-American women better to control their destiny through enhanced health practices and public policy initiatives.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This article describes the use of humor as a nursing intervention and asks if nurses can justify the integration of the use of humor into the repertoire of nursing interventions. Several uses for humor are illustrated, and humor is differentiated from laughter. The article quotes many nurse leaders' opinions about humor and identifies do's and do not's of appropriate humor; it discusses six research studies in which health care professionals used humor as a treatment protocol. The studies were in the areas of preoperative teaching, clinical evaluation, strategies to prevent hopelessness in adolescents with oncologic illness, and group cohesiveness. Results of these six studies give some evidence, although not robust, that humor is an effective intervention. Methods of determining and implementing humor as an appropriate nursing intervention are included.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The alkylator-like agent ifosfamide, which has been found to be useful in the treatment of a number of solid tumors, can have severe central nervous system (CNS) side effects in addition to causing myelosuppression, nephrotoxicity, nausea and vomiting, pulmonary edema, and interstitial pneumonitis. This article, including a case study and a protocol, prepares nurses to do patient education and to observe, assess, and provide care for patients who may experience the CNS toxicity that ranges from mild changes to severe disturbances of mental state.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The death of a family member is one of the most stressful and disruptive life events. Although the literature abounds with subjective pieces concerning bereavement, little is known about the complex biological processes that follow in its wake. However, there is a growing body of evidence that psychological distress may compromise immunocompetence and that support strategies may enhance immune function. Our exploratory study examined the influence of relaxation training on the immunological and psychological status (including anxiety and depression) of bereaved spouses.Nine female spouses, all survivors of patients who died from cancer, were recruited from two hospice programs to participate in this relaxation-training program. Standardized psychological instruments and immunological assays were completed at three data-collection points: before the initiation of the relaxation training (approximately 6 weeks after the death of the spouse); at the conclusion of the training; and 4 weeks after the relaxation training. The subjects received a 1-h relaxation-training program weekly for 4 weeks. It included progressive muscle relaxation training and guided imagery supervised by a psychiatric nurse clinical specialist. The results indicated that the relaxation-training program was well-received by the subjects, with promising psychoimmunological trends that merit more rigorous investigation. This exploratory study has demonstrated the feasibility of conducting a relaxation-training intervention for bereaved spouses and has laid the foundation for continuing research to study the physiological and psychological responses of the bereaved.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To meet the educational needs of ambulatory oncology nurses, an innovative and flexible program was created at a major cancer institute in Canada. Utilizing adult learning principles, standards of nursing practice, and departmental goals, the Clinical Nurse Specialists and Clinical Teachers creatively approached the need for extensive education. Five site specific educational workshops were provided to the nursing staff utilizing a self-directed learning style to capture the varied experiences, educational background, and motivations of the staff. This paper highlights the necessary program elements, implementation of, and evaluation of the educational program.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID