摘要:

The Ca2+requirements for excitation‐contraction coupling in smooth muscle may be satisfied from both intracellular and extracellular sources, the relative extent of use of which is both tissue‐ and stimulant‐dependent. Extracellular Ca2+is apparently mobilized through two separate pathways, receptor operated (ROC) and potential dependent (PDC) Ca2+channels. The latter process is sensitive to the Ca2+‐channel antagonists, a heterogeneous group of compounds including verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem. Ca2+mobilization in respiratory smooth muscle is reviewed. The available evidence for this multiple stimulant‐sensitive system indicates that both intra‐ and extracellular sources of Ca2+are used. Data from bovine, canine and guinea pig tracheal muscle indicate, from studies of Ca2+‐dependence of response and Ca2+channel antagonist sensitivity, that the extent of use of extracellular Ca2+lies in the order K+histamine 5‐hydroxytryptamine>acetyl‐choline. The bronchodilator activity of the Ca2+channel antagonists is noted. Bronchial hyperreactivity is characterized by an increased sensitivity to a variety of stimulants including cold air, exercise, histamine and acetylcholine. The possible origins of this defect are noted. It is suggested that a defect in Ca2+mobilization or in the receptor ‐ Ca2+mobilization coupling process at the level of the smooth muscle may constitute an important underlying cause of bronchial hyperreactivity. Potential analogies to reactivity changes seen in hypertensive vascular smoo

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1983.tb00849.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We previously reported that exogenous histamine inhibitsin vivohistamine release and eosinophil accmulation in ragweed‐challenged skin sites of sensitive human subjectes. The mechanism(s) involved were unclear. In this study, we repeated similar approaches in of the same subjects pretreated for 3 days with cimetidine, an H2receptor antagonist. The pattern of exogenous histamine effects was now different in that local exogenous histamine (50 ug/ml) did not significantly alter ragweed‐induced mast cell alteration, histamine release, or the degree of eosinophil accumulation in skin challenge sites. These findings suggest that the observed exogenous histamine inhibitory effects may be mediated through the H2recep

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1983.tb00850.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to determine the intensity and duration of the protective effect of fenoterol (200 μg) in allergen‐induced bronchospasm and to compare its effect with that of DSCG (20 mg). Twelve atopic‐asthmatic patients, with ages ranging from 10 to 41 years, participated in the study. At the time of the study their symptoms were well controlled without the use of anti‐asthmatic drugs and their FFV1was greater than 80% of predicted and did not vary by more than 10% on each study day.The study was a double‐blind cross over trial. Each drug was given separately at 1 week intervals according to an appropriate random plan. During the treatment the patients were given two puffs of metered dose aerosol and a capsule of inhalation powder. Each patient was given aerosol with test drug and placebo aerosol alternately, according to the double‐blind method. The allergen was given 90 min after the administration of the drugs, and parameters of the respiratory function were controlled over a period of 6 h. Subsequently, the protective effect of 200 μg fenoterol administered 4 h before the allergen was studied openly, and showed that fenoterol possesses a protective effect in allergen‐induced bronchospasm. This effect, although slightly reduced, persists even when the allergen is administe

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1983.tb00851.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study from Danish general practice gives Figures about the simultaneous prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis and the order of onset among 7662 patients, who during 1 year consulted for one or both of these diseases. Twenty‐eight percent of patients with asthma consulted because they also had allergic rhinitis, and 17% of patients with allergic rhinitis consulted because they also had asthma. Age‐ and sex‐distributions are presented. In 25% of patients with both diseases the onset of both diseases occurred within the same year, while in 35% the onset of asthma occurred first and in 40% allergic rhinitis.Among patients with both diseases, who did not have onset of both within the same year, more than 75% of them had onset of one disease within 2 years of the

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1983.tb00852.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Fourteen hoys with a mean age of 12.2 years were studied with respect to the protective effect of ketotifen on exercise‐induced asthma (EIA) in comparison with disodium cromoglycate (DSCG). All had a positive history of EIA and a post‐exercise fall in FEV1of more than 20%. A double blind cross‐over technique was used with a 1 week wash‐out period between the two treatment alternatives. Both drugs gave some, but not significant protection for EIA and no differences between the two active substances tested were found. Great individual differences in the response to the two drugs wer

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1983.tb00853.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Decreased response of beta‐adrenergic receptor has been considered to he one of the causes of increased responsiveness of the bronchi in asthma. Since beta‐adrenergic receptor has two subtypes, beta1and beta2, and the bronchodilating effect of beta stimulants is mediated by beta2‐receptor, responsiveness of the bronchi is expected to correlate to the cyclic AMP response of lymphocytes to a beta2‐stimulant. Responsiveness of the bronchi was expressed as respiratory threshold to acetylcholine (RT‐Ach), which was the minimal concentration of acetylcholine solution to cause an initial decrease of FEV1of more than 20% of the baseline value. Beta1and heta2‐responses were expressed as the increments of cyclic AMP content of 106lymphocytes incubated with norepinephrine (beta1‐stimulant) and salbutamol (beta2‐stimulant).RT‐Ach showed a significant correlation with the beta2‐cyclic AMP response of lymphocytes, but not with the beta1‐response among patients with asthma. Sixteen symptomatic patients on continuous beta‐stimulants showed lower RT‐Ach value and diminished beta2‐receptor activity of lymphocytes compared with 14 patients in remission. These results suggest that selective beta2‐adrenergic blockade may he one of the causes of bronchial hypersensitivity in asthma, though it should be noted that in this study beta‐adrenergic responses were examined in lymphocytes and were compared with the responsiveneness of the bronchi. Possible beta‐receptor subsensitivity induced by administratio

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1983.tb00854.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The influence of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on skin response to intradermal injection of compound 48/80 and histamine was studied in order to determine whether ASA elicits any abnormalities also in the skin of asthmatics reacting with bronchoconstriction to ingestion of this drug.The applied ASA dose (mean dose 150 mg) elicited bronchoconstriction in all 16 patients with asthma and ASA sensitivity (mean fall of FEV134%) and increased the weal response to compound 48/80 to about 51% (P>0.05) as compared with the response before the ASA‐challenge, In asthmatic persons without ASA sensitivity a 150 mg ASA dose did not influence the skin response to any of the reagents. On the other hand, a 600 mg dose decreased skin response to histamine and compound 48/80 in persons without ASA intolerance, although the decrease was statistically significant only in the flare after compound 48/80 (P>0.05).The authors believe that additional local defect is needed to reveal sensitivity to ASA in the skill of ASA‐sensitive asthmatics, just as bronchial hyperreactivity is indispensible for revealing the action of ASA in the bron

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1983.tb00855.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Recently, it has been suggested that in some patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases the tanned red cell (TRC) method for detection of thyroglobulin autoantibodies (TgAb) is negative where TgAb measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) show positive values. To investigate this further, patients with thyroid diseases, pernicious anaemia and a control group were studied for serum concentrations of TgAb by TRC and by quantitative RIA, calibrated against MRC Standard A65/93. Antibodies for microsomes (MAb) were measured immunofluoretically. There was in all patient groups (Hashimoto's thyroiditis (n= 41), Graves’ disease (n=50), idiopathic myxoedema (n= 12), euthyroid Graves’ disease (n= 7), pernicious anaemia (n= 81)) a discrepancy between TgAb measured by TRC and RIA, respectively, whereas there was a reasonable correlation between the presence of TgAb by RIA and the presence of MAb. A possible interference from antinuclear antibodies and rheumatoid factors was ruled out. There was no increased frequency of TgAb measured by RIA in the control group. Fractionation of TRC negative sera revealed macromolecular TRC‐activity, whereas TgAb positive sera by both methods had almost exclusively RIA and TRC activity corresponding to IgC. Based on these results and others it seems that the TRC method for measurement of serum TgAb is of limited diagnostic value. Furthermore, the TRC method is in many cases not sensitive enough for screening for TgAb prior to measurement of serum Tg, which is of importance as this method shows false values in the presence of TgAb due to methodological interfe

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1983.tb00856.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Serum IgE levels in healthy blood donors who had no history of atopy were measured by a paper‐disc RIA and analyzed according to the donors’ smoking habits. The IgE geometric mean for regular smokers was 41.7 IU/ml, which was significantly higher than that for nonsmokers (19.3 IU/ml) or rare smokers (22.7 IU/ml). Whereas 28% of smokers had IgE levels greater than 200 IU/ml, none of the rare smokers or nonsmokers did. IgE levels in smokers showed a moderate inverse correlation with the degree of smoking. The mean IgE level was 189.8 IU/ml in those who smoked 1–9 cigarettes/day but only 32.8 IU/ml in those who smoked 10–19 cigarettes per day and 11.1 IU/ml in those who smoked 20 or more cigarettes/day. The number of years a person smoked did not seem to significantly influence the IgE level. The mean IgE level in ex‐smokers (50.5 IU/ml) was much lower than in current light smokers but was still higher than in nonsmokers. There was a moderate inverse correlation between IgE levels and duration of cessation of smoking. Our data suggest a characteristic pattern for the influence of cigarette smoking on serum IgE level, namely, a striking rise associated with light smoking and a remarkable drop in heavy smokers, and such changes seemed reversible after the habit was stopped. Smoking status, therefore, appears to be an important consideration in interpreting serum IgE levels and in revising the “norms”

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1983.tb00857.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This epidemiological study is based on all schoolchildren (n= 40,010)) in a Swedish county (population: 270,000) and analyses by questionnaire, 1) the prevalence of regular direct contact with furred animals, 2) the prevalence of allergy to animal danders, 3) the prevalence among child asthmatics of regular direct contacts with furred animals correlated to the efforts made to impart information on allergy. 4) A comparison between levels of medical care/medicine‐intake in dander‐allergic and non‐dander‐allergic child asthmatics. This method gave the following results: 1) 52% of schoolchildren have furred pets in their homes (urban area: 39%, rural area: 77%), and 24% ride and/or have contact with animals in barns and stables, 2) The overall prevalence of dander allergy was 5.3%, in child asthmatics 57%; and in children with allergic rhinitis 30%, 3) Non‐dander‐allergic child asthmatics have more regular direct contact with furred animals than non‐asthmatics. The incidence of domestic pet‐keeping by dander‐allergic child‐asthmatics is less than half that of non‐asthmatics, 4) Dander‐allergic child‐asthmatics have a higher level of medical care/medicine‐intake, than the non‐allergic.It is stressed that the family with an atopic child should be informed as soon as possible of the furred animal problem, i.e. befor

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1983.tb00858.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY