ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1986.tb00268.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It has recently been established that mast cells display functional heterogeneity. The question then arises whether the IgE‐type of antibody, which avidly binds to and thereby sensitizes mast cells and basophils for allergen‐induced release of mediators, also expresses functional heterogeneity. In the present article we bring together several experimental observations, mainly from the rat system, which are difficult to explain unless one postulates that mat cell/basophil‐sensitizing antibodies of the IgE‐type re heterogeneous in their cell‐binding p

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1986.tb00269.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effect of histamine and its H1and H2antagonists, chlorpheniramine and cimetidine, on thein vitro, PWM‐induced, synthesis of IgG and IgE was studied. Histamine had no effect, and cimetidine had a slight inhibitory action. In contrast, chlorpheniramine induced marked suppression of both IgE and IgG synthesis. This effect could not be attributed to drug‐induced cytotoxicity. These results suggest that the modulatory effect of histamine on antibody production involves predominantly H, recept

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1986.tb00270.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Standardized bronchial allergen provocation was performed twice (with an interval of median 14 days (range 14‐44)) in 19 extrinsic, well‐defined asthmatic patients to study the reproducibility of the bronchial response. Smoking and medications were strictly withheld prior to the provocation. Ten‐fold increasing concentrations of allergen solution 0.9 ml were inhaled by tidal volume breathing for 5 min at 10‐min intervals. The acutal dose given was expressed by the concentration of the solution used. Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) was used to determine responses, and the provocation continued until an allergen concentration (allergen PC20) was reached which caused at least 20% decrease of the post‐saline FEV1. All provocations were followed by a bronchial reaction within clinically acceptable limits. The reproducibility was high, evaluated by the Spearman rank correlation coefficient Rho = 0.90 (P<0.01). It is concluded that bronchial provocation with allergens performed as outlined in this study represents a reproducible test which can be applied in routine allergy diagnostics, and in further investigations concerning specific bronchial r

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1986.tb00271.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The bronchospasmolytic effects of 40 μg ipratropium bromide (Atrovent®) given either as an aerosol (2 puffs of 20 μg) or as a powder inhalation were compared in a double‐blind cross‐over study. Following a randomisation list the drug was given on 2 successive days to 20 patients with stable bronchospasm in whom it had previously been shown that the bronchial obstruction was reversible after administration of 40 μg ipratropium bromide as an aerosol (with an increase over‐ the baseline value of the FEV1of at least 15% 1 h after drug administration). The effects of the two presentations of ipratropium bromide were followed by respiratory function tests from 15 min to 6 h after administration of the drug. With both formulations excellent bronchospasmolytic effects were noted in each of the parameters measured. The peak of the effects was noted approximately 1 h alter the inhalations. Six hours later there was still a significant improvement in comparison with the baseline values. There was no significant difference between the results with the two different formulations. Inhalation powder of ipratropium bromide was well tolerated and there were no complaints of irritation or coughing. It would appear, therefore, to be a valuable alternative to the pressur

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1986.tb00272.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In analogy with findings from animal experiments, people with low glutathione‐peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activity could be expected to have altered sensitivities to effects of drugs, chemicals and possibly food. We have investigated GSH‐Px activity in 12 patients with intrinsic asthma and food and aspirin intolerance. Ten of the 12 patients had very low or low GSH‐Px activity and the frequency of low GSH‐Px activity in this group was statistically significant (P<0.001) compared with the control material of age‐ and sex‐matched healthy individuals. Our finding of lowered GSH‐Px activity in patients with aspirin intolerance may indicate the involvement of hitherto unknown mechanisms in the pathogenesis of asth

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1986.tb00273.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The bioavailability and absorption pattern of theophylline from a single dose of a slow release theophylline sprinkle product (Somophyllin®) were investigated in 10 asthmatic children both in Fasting conditions and after a standerdized breakfast. Theophylline given intravenously was used as a reference. The fasting absorption of. Somophyllin was rather fast with peak serum theophylline levels 3–5 h (mean 3.7 h) after dosing. Food produced a small bin statistically significant reduction in the rate of absorption of theopylline. so that the mean time to peak serum theophyllne level was 5.6 h (range 4–8 h) after food. In no case was there any important difference between the absorption) profiles on the test days, and the bioavailability was complete after both fasted and fed intake of the product (92.5% and 105%, respectively). It is suggested hat to obtain the optimum absorption profile children should take Somophyllin with food rather than between m

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1986.tb00274.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE) was used to study the presence of scrum IgE against antigenic components of Cow milk in 21 selected milk‐allergic patients. The amount of each IgE specificity was estimated by a scoring system. The milk‐allergic children had mainly IgE against α‐lactalbumin, β‐lactoglobulin, albumin and immuno‐globulin, the four major proteins of bovin whey as well as IgE against three cascin components. A serum pool from 1000 normal adults had IgE against the same whey protein, but in smaller amounts, and no IgE against the casein components. Eight cow milk‐based formulae, commonly used for infant feeding, and goat milk were studied by the same method. It was found that six of the milk substitutes did not differ significantly from cow milk in antibody binding, but the two hydrolysed casein products. Nutramigen® and Pregestimil®, consisted of such small molecules that the rabbit antisera could not precipitate the Indrolysed proteins in the gels on the CRIE plates. It was therefore not possible to study their IgE binding, if any,

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1986.tb00275.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Thirty‐three adult asthmatic patients suspected of mould allergy were investigated by in vitro and in order to tests in order to establish a specific diagnosis of asthma caused by the mould speciesCladosporium. The patients were evaluated by daily symptom scores in the peakCladosporiumseason, bronchial provocation test (BPT), skin prick test (SPT), RAST, histamine release from basophil granulocytes (HIST), and crossed radio‐immunoelectrophoresis (CRIE), and the results were scored as negative (score 0), equivocal (score 1) or positive (score 2). Based on daily symptom scores and the result of BPT the patients were classified as being manifest allergic (asthma) toCladosporium(positive allergy), inconclusive or negative. Positive allergy was defined as asthma symptoms oscillating with the spore concentration and a BPT score 2 (positive at allergen concentration<10,000 BU). Negative allergy was defined as NO asthma symptoms and a negative BPT (score 0) and inconclusive in the case of symptoms and BPT sum of score 1‐3. According to the classification a final diagnosis (positive or negative) could be established in 85% of the patients. “False positive” tests were found: for BPT in 27%, SPT 18%, RAST 0%, HIST 18%, and CRIE 0%. The corresponding figures for “false negative” were; BPT 0%, SPT 0%, RAST 27%, HIST 18%, and CRIE 23%. The relative risk of being allergic in spite of a negative test result was 0 % for BPT and SPT, and 25‐30 % with RAST, HIST, and CRIE. In the case of positive test the risk was 90‐100%. Excluding BPT, SPT was found to be the optimal single test to predict/rule out clinical allergy. A stepwise combination of positive SPT and positive RAST was found exclusively in patients clinically evaluated as positive, and does not call for an additional BPT. Using a potent allergenic extract a negative SPT excluded clinically important allergy. The primary conclusion of the study, however, is that the final diagnosis ofCladosporiumasthma could not be based on a positive BPT alone (due to “false positive”), but only on a combination of clinical symptoms during the spore seas

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1986.tb00276.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The cumulated incidence of atopic disease before 7 years of age was highly influenced by the cord blood IgE concentration and moderately influenced by the month of birth: obvious atopic disease was more than twice as common in children with high cord blood IgE and born in May than in children with a similar IgE and born in November (P<0.05). There was no similarly increased risk for atopic disease among those born in May with low cord blood IgE. Environmental factors thus seem important merely for a high risk population. The findings lend support to family planning when there is especially high genetic risk for atopic disease.

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1986.tb00277.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY