ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1990.tb01077.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Haemophilus influenzaand its extracellular produets (EP) ditl not release histamine from basophil leukocytes in cell suspensions from normal individuals, patients with chronic bronchitis or patients allergic to either house dust mite, grass pollen, eat dander or to their own bacteria. However, the EP was found to enhance their basophil histamine release. IgE‐mediated histamine release was examined by stimulation of the cells with anti‐IgE or the specific allergens, and non‐immunological histamine release by stimulating the cells with the calcium ionophore A23187 orStaphylococcus aureus.In all the experiments EP caused a significant increase in the histamine release. When H. influenzae endotoxins were removed from the EP, the potentiating effect of EP was completely abolished, whereas heating (80°C. 30 min) or treatment of EP with proteinase did not influence the potentiating effect. These results indicate that H. influenzae endotoxin potentiates histamine release caused by IgE‐mediated reactions or by non‐immunological

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1990.tb01078.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Levocabastine is a new H1receptor blocking antihistamine which is intended for topical use in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. The protective effect of the drug in conjunctival provocation test (CPT) was evaluated in a double blind study of 25 children aged 9–17 years with confirmed pollen allergy. One drop of levocabastine, cromoglycate or placebo was instilled into the conjunctival sac of both eyes. After 15 min CPT was performed, starting with 320 BU of pollen extract. The allergen dose was increased every 10 min in half 10‐log steps in the right eye until a positive reaction occurred, or the top dose 320,000 BU was reached. The lowest dose resulting in a positive CPT reaction, i.e. at least 50% of the conjunctiva with erythema, was defined as the allergenic threshold dose (ATD). Pretreatment with levocabastine resulted in a median ATD of 32,000 BU, compared with 10,000 after cromoglycate (p<0.001) or placebo (P<0.01). Levocabastine was also superior in reducing subjective itch in the eyes. Determination of the ATD can be used as a relatively quick assessment of drugs intended for the treatment of allergic conjunctivi

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1990.tb01079.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Pharmacia CAP System is a new assay for serum specific IgE, utilising a solid phase capable of binding more antigen than conventional systems. The CAP System has been evaluated in 69 consecutive patients referred to one allergy clinic in relation to skin prick test (SPT), radioallergosorbent test (Phadebas RAST®) and specific allergy diagnosis for five inhalant allergens, D.ptewnyssinus, timothy grass pollen, eat epithelium/dander, Cladosporium and Alternaria. Good correlation was obtained between RAST and CAP for all allergens, e.g. r=0.974 for D.pteronyssinus and r=0.964 for grass pollen. When sensitivity and specificity were examined for both CAP and RAST versus SPT, CAP was usually found to be of greater sensitivity than RAST, and of similar or slightly lower specificity. SPT gave more positive reactions than eitherin vitrotest, but CAP gave more positives than RAST. Twenty‐two of 336 (6.6%) tests were CAP positive/RAST negative, whereas a negative CAP with a positive RAST occurred in only 2/336 (0.6%) tests. Of patients with any test (SPT or RAST or CAP) for specific IgE positive, up to 20–30% did not have clinical allergy, confirming the importance of the history in interpreting these tests. Our results suggest that, for the allergens tested, the Pharmacia CAP System is more sensitive than the RAST, identifying more positive tests and approximating more closely to the SPT. It offers the additional advantages of speed and effici

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1990.tb01080.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Bovine epithelial and urine antigen extratcts were compared using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent (ELISA) inhibition assay and sodium‐dodecyl‐sulfate‐polyaerylanmide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE.) with immunoblotting. Accroding to ELISA inhibition results, the two extracts share about 2% of their antigenic components. Urine‐derived antigens seem to be antigenically closer to serum proteins than epithelial antigens were directed mainly against a protein of 20 kD, while non‐ allergy farmers had only very weak reactions. Generally, the IgG responses of allergic farmers against epithelial antigens were directed mainly against a protein of 20 kD, while non allergic farmers had only very weak reactions. Generally, the IgG response against urinary antigens farmers reacted with a band at 20 kD in IgE immunoblotting against urinary and epithelial antigen while all non‐allergic farmers showed n

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1990.tb01081.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The carbohydrate‐containing Traction ofCandida albicanswas isolated from the crude extract with ConA Sepharose affinity chromatography and studied by IgE‐immuno‐blotting with individual and pooled sera fromC. albicans‐allergic subjects. In the ConA‐bound fraction there was a diffuse IgE binding in the high molecular weight area which also gave a carbohydrate stain (PAS). A distinct band corresponding to a molecular weight of 70 kD bound specific IgE antibodies. This glycoprotein, presumably a mannoprotein, gave a weak carbohydrate staining and a strong protein staining. further biochemical studies are needed to reveal the exact nature of the epitopes in the ConA‐bound mannose‐containing fraction

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1990.tb01082.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Watersoluble antigens ofCandida albicanswere sequentially extracted from intact and disrupted yeast cells grown on protein‐free agar, and analysed on immunoblots after SDS‐PAGE. Washing of the cells in saline before proper extraction resulted in loss of 47.2% of the total carbohydrate and 1.5% of the total protein. The protein fraction contained 14 antigenic bands when analysed with hyperimmune rabbit antisera. Four of these bound IgE when probed with a RAST‐positive serum pool and beta‐galactosidase‐labelled anti‐IgE, Extraction of the disrupted cells resulted in 15% of the total carbohydrate and 94% of the total protein. The cytoplasmic protein fraction showed 69 antigenic bands, 13 of which bound IgE. The carbohydrate fraction contained mannan, which was found in the washing solutions and in the surface extract as well as in the cytoplasmic extract. Allergens found in washing solutions were also present in cytoplasmic fraction. This study suggests that the rapid release of allergens from saprophyticC. atbicanscells on mucous membranes of the body may cause continuous exposure and result in se

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1990.tb01083.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Analysis of IgE, IgA and IgG antibodies directed against Candida albicans antigens in 28 asthmatic children was performed with immunoblotting after SDS‐PAGE. Analysis with the purified eytoplasmic protein fraction revealed a major protein allergen with an MW of 46 kD. In addition to the major allergen, 15 other antigenic bands with molecular weights between 16 and 135 kD bound IgE. Ten of 13 anti‐C. albicans IgE‐positive children had IgE towards the 46 kD major allergen. None of the subjects in the study group or in the non‐atopic controls had IgA or IgG antibodies towards this protein. Analysis of the crude surface extract showed that mannan, a carbohydrate, was an intermediate allergen contrary to being the major antigen in IgA and IgG antibody re

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1990.tb01084.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Allergen has previously been shown to induce a continuous increase in local dermal blood flow after a prick test in allergic subjects, whereas histamine induced, initially, similar peak increases in blood flow of much shorter duration. Blood flow changes induced by histamine and allergen have now been evaluated (i) after pretreatment with a local corticosteroid cream, clobetasole‐17‐propionate; (ii) after oral administration of the H1‐antihistamine loratadine; and (iii) after oral pretreatment with the alpha‐adrenoceptor agonist pseudoephedrine. Blinded placebo‐controlled designs were used in the substudies. Laser doppler flowmetry was used for non‐invasive recording of changes in local blood flow intermittently for 24 h after the topical corticosteroid, 6 h for the substudies on loratadine and pseudoephedrine. The size of the immediate weal and flare reactions, as well as late phase reactions, were also determined. Prctreatment with clobetasole‐1 7‐propionate cream on the skin for 1 week prior to prick tests did not affect the blood flow response elicited by histamine or allergen, in either the initial part (up to 1 h) or the protracted 24 h determinations. The size of the weal and flare reactions decreased. Loratadine and pseudoephedrine did not reduce the initial allergen‐induced increase in blood flow, while lower blood flow compared with placebo pretreatment was noted for the protracted (1–6 h) determinations. Blood flow changes after histamine were unaffected. The histamine‐induced weal and flare was inhibited by loratadine more effectively than the corresponding allergen‐induced reaction. The weal and flare reactions after histamine and allergen were not changed after pseudoephedrine. The late dermal reaction expressed as the size of the erythema and/or induration present 6 h after allergen prick tests was reduced with pretreatment with loratadine as well as after seudoephedrine when compared with placebo. The results from these pharmacological experiments suggest that pretreatment with potent topical corticosteroids had no effect on changes in dermal blood flow, while H1‐antihistainines and α‐adrenoceptor agonists appear to have a direct effect on the vessels

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1990.tb01085.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Basophil and mastocyte degranulation is calcium‐dependent. Calcium‐antagonists can inhibit synthesis of and release in vitro same mediators in various types of cells. Both immunologically stimulated and non‐immunologically stimulated release of material from basophils isolated from normal and allergic subjects can be antagonized by calcium blockers. The present study was aimed at testing the therapeutic effects and side effects of nimodipine therapy, a new dihydropyridine anti‐calcium derivative for physical stimulus induced urticaria, in camparison with a standard H1antihistamine therapy. The study was done in 32 outpatients who had physical stimulus‐induced urticaria: 20 patients was done in 32 ouutpatients who had physical stimulus‐induced urticaria: 20 patients received nomodipine three times a day in a daily dose of 180 mg. 12 patients were treated with terfenadine in a dose of 120 mg. In the majority of patients treated with both nimodipine and terfenadine, satisfactory clinical results were obtained after 3 weeks of therapy. There were, however significant (P<0.05) differences in responses. Complete clearance after 3 weeks was noted in 50% patients treated with nomodipine, whereas only 16% of patients on terfenadine were completely clear, and some showed only slight improvement. The treatment was easily manageable, and with few s

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1990.tb01086.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY