摘要:

Currently, there is a large body of evidence that atopic dermatitis (AD) has an Immunologic basis. Atopy‐specific helper T cells (Th2‐like T cells) may play a pathogenetic role by producing and releasing cytokines relevant for the allergic inflammation, such as IL‐4, IL‐5, and other growth factors. Eosinophils are believed to be of major importance as effector cells mediating the pathogenetically relevant late‐phase reaction which is associated with a significant destruction of the surrounding tissue. Accordingly, a significant preactivation of peripheral blood eosinophils was detected in AD patients, leading to an enhanced susceptibility of these cells to distinct stimuli such as IL‐5. Toxic proteins, such as eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), contained in the matrix and the core of secondary granules of eosinophils, may play an important role by propagating the allergic inflammatory process and by modulating the immune response. The pathogenetic role of eosinophils in AD is further supported by the detection of these proteins in the eczematous skin of patients. Furthermore, recent data point to a significant correlation between disease activity and deposition of eosinophil granule content: ECP serum levels were significantly increased in AD patients. In addition, ECP levels correlated with the disease activity. Moreover, clinical improvement was associated with a decrease of both the clinical score and serum ECP levels. These data clearly indicate that activated eosinophils may play a major role in the allergic inflammatory process of AD. Therefore, modulation of eosinophil activation could prove to be an important pharmacologic modality for the trea

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1993.tb02167.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cutaneous reactivity to challenge with dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) and diphenylcyclopropenone (DCP) was studied in 16 volunteers following hypnotic suggestions to increase and decrease response during sensitization. The immunoreactivity to DNCB and DCP was modulated by direct suggestions and guided imagery under hypnosis. The volunteers were highly susceptible subjects selected by means of the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility. Form A. Measurement of skin reactions to the challenge I month after sensitization was performed double blindly. Results showed a significant (P<0.01) difference in visually scored reactions to DCP and DNCB between the group instructed to increase reaction to DCP and decrease reaction to DNCB and the group given the opposite instructions. A non‐significant difference (P= 0.055) in skin thickness measured by ultrasound was found between the two groups. The study supports previous reports of experimental modulation of immunoreactivity and indicates that the specific immunnnological processes involved in the development of allergic reactions may be susceptible to psychological factor

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1993.tb02168.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1993.tb04754.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1993.tb04691.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAsthma defies precise definition, despite several carefully worded statements. Perhaps the most concise and useful description of asthma is “variable airflow obstruction”. The diagnosis is made by recognition of a patterns of one or more characteristic symptoms including wheeze, cough, chest tightness and dyspnoea, and is best confirmed by evidence of variable or reversible airflow obstruction accompanying sympt

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1993.tb04692.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1993.tb04693.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The correlation between the antiasthma activity of azelastine and the concentrations of azelastine and its major metabolite, desmethylazelastine, in the blood and lung were investigated in guinea pigs. Blood and lung tissue samples collected at 15 min after aeroallergen (ovalbumin, 0.5 mg/ml, 30 s, 15 psi) challenge, i.e., 2–1/4 h after oral administration of the drug, were analyzed for azelastine and its desmethyl metabolite by specific HPLC assay. Azelastine afforded protection against immediate allergic responses (IAR, characterized by gasping and bronchospasmic convulsions). Based on the reduction of the severity of IAR, the ID50was 0.04 mg/kg. It also delayed the onset of IAR and prevented mortalities. A positive correlation (r2= 0.944) between the antiallergic activity and the sum concentrations of azelastine and desmethylazelastine in the lung was observed. Preferential uptake of azelastine and desmethylazelastine by the lung was demonstrated by the mean lung/blood ratio of about 22 and 146, respectively. The selective uptake of azelastine and its active metabolite by the lungs could contribute to its antiasthmatic/antiallergic activity in guinea pig

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1993.tb02170.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1993.tb04694.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1993.tb04695.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1993.tb04725.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY