ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb02180.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Chironomid midges are small (2–15 mm) non‐biting flies, characteristically seen swarming by water at dusk. Allergens of the “green nimitti” midge,Cladotanytarsus lewisi(Freeman) (Diptera: Chironomidae), a cause of widespread hypersensitivity in the Sudan, were isolated and partially characterized by Sephacryl S200 chromatography. The allergenicity of the fractions was identified by “rocket” autoradiography, RAST inhibition, skin “prick” tests, and the immunoblot technique. The fractions were further analysed by isoelectric focusing and SDS‐PAGE. Two major allergens with pI's ranging from 4.3 to 6.0 were identified and had molecular weights of approximately 17,000 and 32,000 daltons, sizes compatible with their being monomeric and dimeric haemoglobins. Since chironomids occur in nuisance numbers worldwide and their haemoglobins have been shown to produce severe hypersensitivity reactions in man, they should be seen as an important potential cause of environmental and occ

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb02181.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effects of local capsaicin pretreatment on the cutaneous triple response reaction induced by allergen exposure or anti‐IgE were studied in man. Acute exposure of the human skin to capsaicin caused a burning sensation and a clearcut flare reaction but no wheal response. Upon repeated administration these local reactions to capsaicin disappeared. The Hare component and the subjective itching sensation of the cutaneous allergy reaction to rat antigen in sensitized persons or anti‐IgE in non‐allergic persons were then markedly reduced. Two weeks after capsaicin pretreatment the flare response to allergen was not significantly changed compared to the control reaction, suggesting a reversible effect of capsaicin treatment. The wheal component of the allergy or anti‐IgE reaction was, however, not influenced by capsaicin pretreatment, indicating that the wheal and flare components are caused by different mechanisms. It is concluded that capsaicin sensitive sensory nerves are of importance for the human cutaneous triple response reaction induced by allergen exposure. Thus, secondary release of mediators, such as CGRP or tachykinins from sensory nerve branches, may contribute to the flare component of this reaction. Furthermore the itching sensation seems to be dependent to a large extent on capsaicin‐sensitive nerves. However, sensory nerves seem to have less importance for the wheal reaction, i.e. the protein extravasation

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb02182.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It was the aim of this investigation to study the efficacy of a corticosteroid given as a depot injection in seasonal allergic rhinitis, the efficacy profile with regard to specific symptoms, and whether the injection is best given early in the season or later at the peak of the pollen count. An injection of 80 mg methylprednisolone showed a marked effect on nasal blockage lasting more than 4 weeks, and a moderate effect on eye symptoms, while the effect on nasal hypersecretion and sneezing could not be demonstrated. It is concluded that systemic corticosteroids may be indicated in severe hay fever, when symptoms, especially blockage, occur in spite of other types of therapy. If the physician prefers to give the corticosteroid as a depot injection, it is preferably given in the first half of the season when the pollen count is increasing.

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb02183.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Twenty children aged 3 to 14 years with a history of bronchial asthma complicated by chronic sinusitis were studied in a double‐blind study. Patients received, at random, over a period of 2 weeks, either 2 ml saline or 2 ml bromhexine (2 mg/ml) t.i.d. by means of a home nebulizer. A significant decline of clinical symptoms during both nebulization treatments as compared to the pretreatment symptom score was observed (mean score of 1.5 ± 0.7 and 0.5 ± 0.8, respectively, (P0.01). Both types of nebulization were equally efficient in reducing the symptom score. Radiological abnormalities were significantly more reversed after saline nebulization as compared with bromhexine (P<0.05), although both treatments showed radiological improvement (P<0.01). The present study indicates that nebulization with saline may have some beneficial effect on chronic sinusitis in asthmatic children. Bromhexine was not superior to saline for this purp

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb02184.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effects of D‐penicillamine (D‐Pen) on the production of immunoglobulins (Ig) and anti‐microbial antibodies (Ab) by human mononuclear cells (MNC) culturedin vitrowere analysed by haemolytic plaque forming cell (PFC) assays. Polyclonal Ig and Ab production, induced by pokeweed mitogen (PWM), was not affected by D‐Pen in pharmacologically relevant concentrations, unless Cu2+, was added. Likewise, D‐Pen + Cu2+, but not D‐Pen alone, affected polyclonal Ig production induced by Epstein‐Barr virus. The production of interleukin‐2 and B cell growth factor by phytohaemagglutinin‐stimulated T cells was not inhibited by D‐Pen; again D‐Pen + Cu2+markedly reduced the production of these cytokines. By contrast, D‐Pen significantly reduced the antigen‐induced antibody production without requirement of additional Cu2+. Addition of cytokine‐containing supernatant to MNC treated with D‐Pen + Cu2+tended to increase the PWM‐induced Ig responses, but had no effect on the antigen‐induced Ab production of MNC cultured with D‐Pen. Thus, the mechanisms by which D‐Pen suppresses polyclonal and antigen‐induc

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb02185.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Delayed hypersensitivity to rubber chemicals is well known, but there are only a limited number of case reports on an immediate type of hypersensitivity inducing contact urticaria. We have recently seen several patients with rubber glove‐induced contact urticaria who have had both positive skin prick tests and positive RAST tests to natural latex from the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). We now report on five patients who also developed systemic reactions. It is clear that sensitized subjects are at risk of developing anaphylaxis during medical examination or surgery when rubber gloves are used. The occurrence of IgE‐mediated allergy to rubber is probably underestima

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb02186.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Histamine release from human basophils was inhibited by preincubation of the cells with a glucolipid mixture containing sialic acid‐containing gangliosides. This was true for histamine release induced by anti‐IgE, Concanavalin A and the calcium ionphore A23187, whereas the release induced byS. aureusWood 46 was not affected. It was demonstrated that the inhibitory capacity of the glucolipid mixture could be attributed to the content of gangliosides, since no inhibition was obtained with cerebrosides or with gangliosides from which sialic acid was removed. Preincubation of the cells with the glucolipid mixture increased the sialic acid content of the cells, and this increase was attributed to an insertion of gangliosides into the cell membrane. The inhibition of histamine release was abolished by increasing the calcium concentration, which substantiates our previous findings that cell membrane sialic acid in basophil leukocytes is involved in the regulation of histamine release, possibly by a modulation of the trans‐membraneous calcium fluxes preceding histamine re

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb02187.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Loratadine is a new non‐sedating antihistamine. The present studies compared loratadine and terfenadine, another non‐sedating antihistamine, for their ability to inhibit the bronchial response to histamine and other autacoids which have been implicated as contributing to the symptoms of an allergic reaction. In addition, the two antihistamines were evaluated in models of immunologically mediated allergic reactions. Loratadine is a more potent inhibitor of histamine‐induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs than is terfenadine. Both antihistamines exhibit marked antiserotonin activity at doses 10 times their antihistamine ED50values. In contrast, loratadine and terfenadine produce little or no inhibition of the bronchial responses to methacholine, leukotriene C4or platelet‐activating factor. An allergic bronchospasm in guinea pigs is inhibited by loratadine (ED50= 0.40 mg/kg, p.o.) and terfenadine (ED50= 1.7 mg/kg, p.o.). The bronchospasm associated with allergic anaphylaxis in rats is significantly inhibited by 10 mg/kg, p.o. loratadine and 30 mg/kg, p.o. terfenadine. Loratadine exhibits antiallergy activityin vitro.At micromolar concentrations, loratadine inhibits the release of histamine from Con A and A23187‐stimulated rat peritoneal mast cells and the release of histamine and leukotrine C4from a Con A‐stimulated cloned murine ma

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb02188.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To study the possibility of intrauterine sensitization, 212 women were enrolled on a voluntary basis into a prospective, randomized study, comparing the effects of an elimination diet and normal food during late pregnancy. The diet group took no cow milk and no egg from week 28 to delivery, and extra calcium and casein hydrolysate (Nutramigen ®) supplement was given to fill the nutritional needs of mother and child. The control group took normal food, including approximately 1/2 liter of milk/day and 3–5 eggs/week. All families had a history of allergy in mother, father, or sibling. Maternal weight gain during pregnancy was significantly lower in the diet group. Birth weights showed no significant difference between the two main groups, but smokers in the elimination diet group had significantly smaller babies. IgE antibodies to cow milk and egg were significantly higher in atopic than in non‐atopic women before the trial. The diet caused a significant fall in IgG‐antibodies to cow milk and egg in both atopic and non‐atopic subjects. Cord blood IgE determination revealed no significant difference between the groups. No IgE antibodies to cow milk or egg were detected in any of the cord sera. The participating babies are being followed up until 18 month

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb02189.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY