摘要:

Since the pharmacological treatment of allergic diseases is used in patients with alteration of the immune response due to atopy and possible concomitant infections, we have investigated the possible effects of such drugs as cromolyn, theophylline, ketotifen, oxatomide, astemizole, fenoterol, pirenzepine, and rosaprostol on thein vitroimmune response, in order to obtain experimental data and, as a consequence, clinical conclusions. In a series of investigations by our group and other authors the following immunological parameters have been considered: T cell activation induced by different pathways (i.e. autologous stimulation, PHA, anti‐CD3, ‐CD2 and ‐CD28 monoclonal antibodies), and lymphokine production (i.e. IL‐1, IL‐2 and gamma‐IFN). For a more detailed experimental model the experiments have been performed both in bulk culture and by using T cell clones derived from the peripheral blood. The results show cromolyn to have an enhancing effect, theophylline and ketotifen a suppressing effect, whereas the remainder show no effect on the immune response. These data are considered and discussed from the aspect of their possible clinical relevance and also in light of the in vivo data previous

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1989.tb00438.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Previous studies have shown that the glyceride derivative, sn‐1,2 ‐isopropylidene‐3‐decanoyl‐glycerol (IpOCOC9), can trigger human leukocyte histamine release. Approximately 25 % of the total cellular histamine content is extruded in the presence of 206 # of IpOCOC9; at 69 μM, however, the secretagogue action of the compound is marginal. The characteristics of the release induced by IpOCOC9are closely similar to those reportedly recorded at hyperosmolar triggering of basophils with mannitol, and in many respects they also mimic those observed at phorbol ester‐induced histamine release. The compound decanoic acid cyclopentyl methylester (DACPME), a structural analogue of IpOCOC9, fails to induce histamine release. IpOCOC9, but not DACPME, stimulates human polymorphonuclear leukocyte cytosolic Ca2+−and phospholipid‐dependent his‐tone III‐S kinase activity (unpublished observations). The secretagogue action of IpOCOC9, has therefore tentatively, at least partly, been attributed to a direct protein kinase C activation. In the present studies, we examined the influence of IpOCOC9and DACPME on histamine release triggered by an ensuing exposure to anti‐IgE, the calcium ionophore A23187, formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (EMLP), or 4β‐phor‐bol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA). It is shown that IpOCOC9‐treatment of cells results in either enhancement or reduction of the release induced by anti‐IgE or by A23187, whereas FMLP‐induced release is consistently reduced and PMA‐induced release consistently enhanced by such a treatment. Treatment of cells with DACPME enhances but does not reduce anti‐IgE‐triggered release, whereas EMLP‐induced release is not affected. Pretreatment of the cells with other putative protein kinase C activators like PMA, sn‐1‐oleoyl‐2‐acetyl‐glycerol (OAC), 1,2‐dioctanoyl‐glycerol (DiCg) or the glycerol derivative sn‐1,2‐diacetyl‐3‐decanoyl‐glycerol (DiC2OCOC9) affects secretagogue‐induced basophil histamine release according to specific patterns similar to but not identical with those recorded for IpOCOC9and DACPME. Thus, e.g., DiC2OCOC9consistently reduces but does not enhance anti‐IgE‐triggered release. These data show that limited structural changes of IpOCOC9may qualitativel

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1989.tb00439.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1989.tb04307.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1989.tb04308.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1989.tb04309.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1989.tb04209.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1989.tb04210.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1989.tb04211.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The routine examination of skin biopsy specimens embedded in paraffin and strained with hematoxylin‐eosin has failed to allow differentiation of atopic eczema from other types of eczematous dermatitis. The use of 1‐μm plastic‐embedded sections permits the recognition of in filtrating cell types and blood vessel alterations, thus allowing a refined method to examine cutaneous lesions and permit better definition of cutaneous structures than can be achieved in routinely‐processed specimens.Acute vesicular lesions exhibited marked epidermal intercellular edema (spongiosis) and a dermal inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes, and activated lymphocytes with normal numbers of mast cells that exhibited various degrees of hypogranulation. Only rare eosinophils, neutrophils, and basophils were noted. Venular alterations included endothelial cell hypertrophy without necrosis. In lichenified plaques there was epidermal hyperplasia with a dermal inflammatory infiltrate that included increased numbers of fully granulated mast cells and increased numbers of lymphocytes and monocyte‐macrophages. Alterations of venules included marked endothelial cell hypertrophy and basement membrane thickening. Cutaneous nerves exhibited demyelination and fibrosis.Also, increased numbers of Langerhans' cells have been noted in the epidermis of chronic lesions. Despite the absence of eosinophils, major basic protein has been demonstrated in the dermis by direct immunofluorescence techniques. Studies of lymphocyte subsets have shown increased numbers of CD4 + T l

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1989.tb04310.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The penetration ofCladosporiumspores and spore aggregates into human airways was studied using three different spore sampling methods: 1) a Burkard spore trap for determining the aggregation degree ofCladosporium; two samplers, simulating the human respiratory system, 2) a 6‐stage Andersen 2000 sampler, and 3) a new size‐selective bioaerosol sampler (SSBAS), designed specifically for immunochemical and chemical analyses. The aggregation degree ofCladosporiumspores varied between 1.0 and 1.3 spores per dispersal unit. Grouping seems to be of little if any importance to the penetration ability ofCladosporiumspores into the respiratory tract. The distribution of spores in the Andersen and SSBAS differed significantly in the largest size class (spores2.1 μm in diameter are trapped. In the SSBAS altogether 99.4% of spores were found in the first two filter stages (cutoff point approx. 2.5 μm in diameter). Conclusions regarding the penetration of spores to the lungs on the basis of aerobiological results should always be based on the use of properly calibrated spo

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1989.tb00440.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY