摘要:

ABSTRACTFour dugs, implanted with aortic blood flow probes and catheters, were trained to press a panel during signalled shock avoidance and switched to an hour of Sidman avoidance per day for a minimum of 10 days, Cardiovascular function (heart rate=HR; stroke volume=SV: blood pressure = BP; cardiac output = CO; total peripheral resistance =TPR; and maximum aortic (dp/dt) was determined during the hour preceding avoidance, during avoidance, and during a 10 min post‐avoidance period, Data from 4 dogs were analyzed. Two behaviorally reactive dogs showed elevated BP due to increased TPR during pre‐avoidance and increased CO during avoidance. Increases in SV. HR. and dp/dt, most pronounced at the beginning of avoidance, suggest a change in left ventricular function. Intercorrelations between HR and dp/dt revealed apparent influences of the Frank‐Starting mechanism during pre‐avoidance, and cardiac contractility during avoidance. The 2 remaining animals were less reactive and showed only some of the patterns consistently seen in the 2 more reactive dogs. The data were discussed in terms, of obtaining a model for early stages of human hyper

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb03051.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTExtent of habituation was manipulated by the number of presentations of a short burst of moderate intensity white noise: 4, 8. 15. 22. or 30 times. Skin conductance response (SCR) magnitude to subsequent lest noise pulses of markedly less intensity increased with the extent of habituation. However, response magnitude to tests after 4 or 8 pulses was less than that to the immediately preceding louder pulse, and response to the less intense probe noises after 15, 22, or 30 habituation pulses was greater than that to the immediately preceding pulse. These changes in intensity of stimulation had two effects. They directly determined SCR magnitude, and they provided a stimulation discrepancy yielding an orienting reaction. The experimental problem was introduced using both conditioning/learning and neuronal modeling concepts.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb03052.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn Part I, 20Sssqueezed a dynamometer at various levels of rapacity. Heart rate and skin conductance were monitored during each squeeze. In part II, reactivity to the four combinations of the presence and absence of a loud noise and the presence and absence of a strong squeeze was examined. Part HI compared reactivity to the loud noise under the following conditions; as an unfamiliar, surprise stimulus; as a familiar surprise stimulus; as a familiar, expected stimulus. Major conclusions were: (1) Heart rate varies more directly and reliably with motor output than skin conductance; (2) Skin conductance is more sensitive to small cognitive than to small motor effects; (3) Skin conductance is more reactive to stimulus input than to motor output, while the opposite is true for heart rate; (4) A strong familiar stimulus presented by surprise elicits a marked heart rate declarative reaction, usually, but not always, preceded by a smaller accelerative reaction; (5) Baseline changes immediately preceding stimulus onset markedly affect the response to stimulation, and can account for the attenuated reactions observed when a noxious stimulus is preceded by a warning signal.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb03053.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe study was design to assess the hypothesis that preference for visual stimulation is at least in part determined by physiological mechanisms which can be modified by depressant and stimulant drugs. Thirty‐six undergraduate females representing stable extroverts and stable introverts were used under diversive and specific exploration paradigms. While the specific exploration paradigm failed to reveal drug effects, the diversive exploration paradigm revealed that preference patterns of introverts were influenced by chlorpromazine, while dextroamphetamine sulfate had no significant effect on the preference patterns of extraverts. The relationship between the RAS, cortical arousal, and preferences for stimulation is discusse

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb03054.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTDuring training to relax the frontalis muscle, continuous biofeedback (BF) was compared to discrete verbal feedback (VF) delivered immediately after each trial. Both feedback modalities were based on frontalis electromyographic (EMG) activity. Training consisted of 3 consecutive daily session‐each comprised of 3 baseline (nonfeedback) trials followed by 10 training trials of 128 see. The presence or absence of the two informationally positive feedback modalities were combined factorially to define four training conditions: BF + VF, NO BF + VF, BF + NO VF, and NO BF + NO VF.Results indicated that while VF alone facilitated muscle relaxation, BF was clearly prepotent ill effecting consistent decreases in EMG activity both across trials and days of training. Additionally, the facilitating effect of BF transferred to nonfeedback trials while VF did not affect performance on nonfeedback trials. Finally, accuracy of self‐evaluations of performance on a trial by trial basis was markedly improved by BF, while VF improved accuracy only for trials having a very large absolute difference between levels of EMG activity. Ss receiving no feedback neither reduced muscle tension during training not were able to evaluate their performance accurately even when large absolute differences occurred between trials in frontalis EMG activ

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb03055.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe present study was designed to test the hypothesis that individual differences in the speed of habituation of the phasic eleclrodermal response (EDR) reflect characteristic rates of attentional decrement with stimulus repetition. Subjects selected for the extrems of EDR habituation speed to a pure tone were subsequently tested in an auditory vigilance task. Slow habituators showed a high and substained rate of signal detection, while Fast habituatos showed a lower overall rate and a time‐on‐task decrement. Further analyses employing signal detection theory measures indicated that these detection differences were due to group differences in response criterion levels rather than to differences in the rate of attentional decrement. The implications of this finding for understanding individual differences in EDR habituation speed are discus

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb03056.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe present study investigated the possibility of establishing bilateral electrodermal responsivity of skin on the digits following the pairing of electric show applied to one hand in conjunction with the visual presentation of a triangle. Ten subjects (Ss) displayed significantly larger electrodermal responses on the hand previously shocked when presented with the image of a triangle without shock. No bilateral differences were observed during the presentation of a neural stimulus a circle, These results are interpreted as supporting the notion of learned a asymmetry of localization electrodermal responses.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb03057.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe effect of a psychoactive chemical. diazepam, on reducing physiologically disruptive anxiety in young female patients about to undergo operation was investigated. In a double‐blind study preoperative anxiety was measured by the Skin Conductance Anxiety Test (SCAT) after patients had been given either intravenous diazepam or placebo. It Was found that diazepam reduced the SCAT scores of the more anxious patients to the level of the scores of the less anxious ones, while the latter's scores were not significantly changed. The validity of the SCAT as an objective measure of anxiety was again confirmed and it was concluded that not only did diazepam differentially reduce anxiety levels in accordance with the degree of anxiety present, but that it also reduced to normal levels the excessive amount of thiopental sodium needed fort the induction of anxious patien

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb03058.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTForty healthy volunteer hospital patients who had been admitted For therapeutic abortions were given anxiety scale questionnaires during the afternoon of the day before operation. That evening. the anesthesiologist conducted either a “cursory” (brief and minimally informative) or “supportive” (long and relatively) informative with maximal rapport) preoperative interview. The following morning the Skin Conductance Anxiety Test (SCAT), a physiological measure of anxiety level, was carried out as part of the induction procedure on the non‐premedicated patients. The random order determining the type of interview was known only to the anesthesiologist and no scoring was carried out until after the conclusion of all testing.The investigation showed that highly anxious patients had their anxiety level significantly reduced by both cursory and supportive interviews, while the relatively non‐anxious patients had their anxiety levels significantly increased by cursory interviews. It was again demonstrated that the level of anxiety is a determinant of the amount of thiopental sodium required fo

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb03059.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb03060.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY