ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1964.tb02613.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1964.tb02614.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1964.tb02615.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this essay is to identify the research area of psychophysiology by abstracting the goals and methods from reports which this author believes are properly called psychophysiological. The general goal of psychophysiology is to describe the mechanisms whichtranslatebetween psychological and physiological systems of the organism. Specific goals are to identify and describe the physiological processes directly relevant to such psychological constructs as drive, motivation, attitude, emotion, and their modification by learning.Findings include the description by physiological patterns of several emotions, sleep, dreaming, hypnosis, psychiatric and psychosomatic conditions. Principles conceived areindividual, stimulus, emotion and attitude specificitiesand the “law of initial values.”The progressive theme of psychophysiological method has been to extend measurement to more covert behavior with decreasing interference with the organism. Methods and special problem areas are reviewed under the categories of (a) the stimulus situation, (b) observation (sensors, recorders, signal transformation), and (c) analysis, synthesis, and interpretation. The major unsolved technical problem is the automatic detection of artifact. The chief theoretical problem is to “break the code” by which the organism translates between experience and physiology. The psychophysiological method is seen as having useful application in classification and training for motivational abilities and stress tolerance.Goal, Method, Application, Translation, Covert, Emotion, Motivation, Attitude, Specificity, Sensor, Recorder, Conversion, Computer, Analysis, Synthesis, Interpretation, Artifact, Learning, Stress‐tolerance.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1964.tb02616.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to summarize earlier work on the galvanic skin response (GSR).Sensitive direct current and alternating current bridge measurement techniques were used.Differences were shown between potential, resistance, and impedance responses. Potential records showed two component waves with apparent sympathetic and non‐sympathetic characteristics. Methods of measurement make a great deal of difference in the type of response obtained and measurement circuits are of great importance. Complex responses from each skin area may summate or may oppose and mask each other. Three different methods are suggested as suitable for different research purposes.Electrodermal Response, GSR, Skin Potential, Skin Resistance, Skin impedance responses. (T. W. Forbe

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1964.tb02617.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this report is to account for differences in measures of sweating, resistance, skin potential, and conductivity at high and low levels of bodily excitation by simultaneous measurement of the variables and to explain why conductance provides a satisfactory over‐all measure.Relations between simultaneously recorded sweat, resistance, skin potential and conductance changes are shown graphically.Two distinctly different response processes occurring respectively at high and low levels of resistance are seen to overlap in the middle range. Together the resistance measurement of these two widely different levels span the gamut of reactivity from the low to the higher levels of bodily excitation. The differing magnitudes of the measures of these two reactive phenomena can be meaningfully combined in, and quantitatively represented on a single scale of measurement when using units of conductance.Electrodermal, GSR, Sweat, Resistance, Potential, Conductance, Skin, Emotion, Response, Anxiety, Tension, Excitation, Reactivity. (C. W. Darro

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1964.tb02618.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis study tested the hypothesis that the palmar galvanic skin response (GSR) involves the sweat gland and an epidermal component each responding preferentially according to the demands of the behavioral situation. Their relative contributions were determined by comparison of simultaneous GSR's from areas with high vs low concentrations of sweat glands and with direct measurement of vapor production as well. Stimuli were tones and lights which were either alerting signals or execution signals for a perceptual or a motor (reaction time) task. The population unexpectedly showed greater relative sweat response to the alerting signal for the reaction time task than to the associated execution signal (71 out of 94 S's). Individual subjects, but not the population as a whole, differentiated significantly between alerting and execution signals for the perceptual task. Results supported the hypothesis that two components present in thepalmarGSR manifest stimulus response specificity, but were inconclusive regarding the nature of the class of stimuli to which each responds. The difference can not depend on preparation for motor as opposed to non‐motor activity. GSR, Sweat vapor. Sweat gland, Epidermal, Tones, Lights, Alerting, Response specificity, Adaptive behavior. (R. Edelber

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1964.tb02619.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAn analog computer model of the endosomatic galvanic skin response has been constructed from a theoretical interpretation of end organ function and has been used to study some of the parameters of a response consisting of two opposing components. The results demonstrate that the interaction between the faster negative component and the slower positive component can produce triphasic patterns as well as alterations in maximum deflection and rates of rise and decay. The character and degree of alteration of the negative component is shown to be heavily dependent on the amplitude and time delay of the positive component. The possible application of this model in the development of an automatic analyzer is considered.GSR, Endosomatic, Electrodermal potential. Wave form. Analog computer. Simulation. (D. L. Holmquest)

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1964.tb02620.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTResults of three experiments were as follows:1. After a 3‐ma DC current of 10‐min duration through the palmar skin, skin potential (SP) basal level is reduced in negativity and the positive wave of the SP response eliminated with no change in sweating (Sw) or skin resistance (SR). This demonstrates that SP basal level and the occurrence of the positive wave are not dependent on Sw or SR.2. Placing a potential between the SP electrodes to vary SP basal potential will produce variations in response wave form, amplitude and latency. An induced potential comparable to that used in SR recording will produce SP responses of large amplitude. This suggests that the SP and SR represent different aspects of the same physiological processes. The effects of a DC current through the skin and exsanguination can be overcome by varying the SP basal potential. These results further demonstrate that SP responses are a function of SP basal level.3. After atropinization, SP and SR return to their initial levels faster than Sw. It is concluded that SP and SR are partially produced by a process separate from Sw.Methodology, Human, Palmar sweating. Skin resistance. Skin potential, Atropine, Cholinergic, Exsanguination, Electrophoresis. (R. C. Wilc

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1964.tb02621.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe purpose was to determine whether instructional sets would influence the pattern of autonomic response.In the first study sound and pain were compared in three groups instructed as to expected effects of the sound: (a) “neutral,” (b) analgesic, (c) hyperalgesic. Palmar sweating, heart rate, and finger pulse were recorded. In the second study one group was tested three times with instructions as to expected effects on stomach of 3 “drugs,” (a) “relaxant,” (b) “placebo,” (c) “stimulant.” All 3 drugs were the same capsule containing the magnet for recording stomach motility.It was found that the instruction produced the expected autonomic response pattern in the majority of subjects.Stomach‐motility, GSR, HR, FPV, Expectation, Instructi

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1964.tb02622.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY