摘要:

ABSTRACTIn this study, 24 infants, 6 months old, each received a series of visual and auditory stimuli. An analysis of their cardiac response indicates that onset of stimulus presentation results in a monophasic response of cardiac deceleration. Further, their response to onset of presentation was compared to their response to onset of visual orientation, and the data reveal that is it important forEto differentiate the cardiac response to presentation (Eoperation) from the onset of orientation (Soperation). These results were used to explain the discrepancy between the cardiac responses of neonates and 6‐month‐old infants to stimulus presentation. (M. Lew

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1967.tb02700.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe number of nocturnal galvanic skin responses‐(GSRs) varied widely between the electroencephalograph (EEG) stages of sleep as well as from night to night and from person to person. As others have found, non‐specific GSRs occurred much more frequently during stage IV than other EEG stages, and were rare in stage REM. However, night‐to‐night variation and individual differences were related to the presleep state of the person. In general, electrodermal activity increased in all EEG stages as daytime stress increased, being especially great on nights preceding important school examinations.The nocturnal EEG profile was also related to the presleep state, the percentage of stage IV decreasing as daytime stress increased. The percentage of stage REM showed no systematic relation to stress.The occurrence of GSR “storms” during slow‐wave sleep is consistent with the notion of release of cortical or other inhibitory influences during this state, but another mechanism is needed to explain the fact that presleep stress increases the frequency of GSRs in all stages of sleep, while simultaneously decreasing the percentage of sl

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1967.tb02701.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe use of the Drohocki integrator to quantitate the area under the curve of the electroencephalogram (EEG) has provided useful information in earlier studies. However, difficulties arise in comparing data obtained with different types of EEG machines and integrators because of differences in the frequency spectra to which the machines respond. The slope of the regression line of SD on mean integrated area was studied to provide a measure of group variability which would not be unduly sensitive to these differences in equipment. It was found that the slope decreased from group to group in going from normalSs to catatonic schizophrenics, with alcoholics and undifferentiated schizophrenics in intermediate positions in that order. It was suggested that the clockwise rotation of the regression line provides a convenient measure of the level of cerebral activation.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1967.tb02702.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAn electrically shielded sound‐attenuating chamber for psychophysiological work which was constructed of readily available building supplies is describe

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1967.tb02703.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTLength of respiratory cycles was monitored whileSs were presented with (1) auditory and (2) visual stimuli varying in intensity. The phenomenon of greatest slowing in respiration occurring at theS's auditory threshold was demonstrated. However, no consistent relationship was demonstrated between length of the respiratory cycle and visual threshold.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1967.tb02704.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA brief general theory is proposed linking the transcephalic DC potential, which is recorded on the midline surface of the head over the frontal and occipital emissary veins, with a certain functional organization of the brain. From this it is proposed that interoceptive or protopathic afferents—carotid sinus, carotid body, vestibular, and visceral—should produce a positive frontal deflection, while exteroceptive or epicritic afferents—tactile, auditory, proprioceptive, gustatory, visual, and olfactory—should produce a negative frontal DC shift. It is proposed that hunger promotes a negative frontal base line, satiety a positive one, and anxiety increases the base‐line variance of a group. A relationship is proposed between frontal negativity and body metabolic peaks. It is proposed that a noxious exteroceptive stimulus produces a positive frontal shift, despite its cortical projection. The hypotheses were tested using normal adult maleSs and good agreement between results and predictions

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1967.tb02705.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis study was concerned with the relationship between stimulus intensity (concentration of citric acid) and parotid salivary response in man as reflected in four measures. Although this relationship varied with the measure employed, it was in no case linear. It was concluded that optimum concentration of citric acid for stimulating parotid salivary secretion in man was 1.0% and that the measure which differentiated best between the weakest acid stimulus and water as a control and between the two lowest concentrations of acid was the average quantity of evoked saliva per trial.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1967.tb02706.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTwo techniques for measuring palmar sweating were tested for their sensitivity to a standard anticholinergic agent. The finger sweat‐print and palmar sweatweight methods were compared in a double‐blind, crossover study by determining their relative sensitivity in detecting the antisweating effects of 0.5 mg of atropine sulfate. The sweat‐print method was significantly superior in detecting drug‐induced sweat reduction and hypothesized sex diff

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1967.tb02707.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAn experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of pleasantness and un‐pleasantness and instructions to verbalize on directional fractionation of autonomic response. Degrees of pleasant and unpleasant stimulation were presented toSs under two verbalization instruction conditions. Something like directional fractionation was found for the very unpleasant no‐verbalization condition only, but the pattern disappeared upon the addition of a later‐verbalization requirement. More generally, it was found without exception that conditions of no verbalization are accompanied by cardiac deceleration, regardless of degree or of quality of affect, while later verbalization conditions produce cardiac acceleration, again regardless of degree or quality of affect. The authors conclude that verbalization instructions are important for determining the degree and direction of cardiac activ

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1967.tb02708.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe present study demonstrates that the orienting response (OR) to the conditional stimulus can be conditioned with a delayed differential conditioning paradigm. Controls utilized were two “sensitization” and one backward‐trace differential conditioning group. Conditioned ORs, conditioned anticipatory responses, and conditioned responses at latency of unconditioned response in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus were all demonstrated. In the backward conditioning group the amplitude of the OR to the tone preceded by shock was lower than that found for any other group. Refractoriness of the peripheral components of the electrodermal response (EDR) are invoked to account for this fi

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1967.tb02709.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY