摘要:

ABSTRACTThis study was designed to determine the effects of presleep activity on a variety of physiological variables during 3½ hrs of subsequent sleep. Three presleep conditions were investigated for each of 15Ss:6 hrs of strenuous physical exercise, 6 hrs of concentrated studying, and 6 hrs of relaxation, i.e. watching TV, listening to records, and reading magazines. The following variables were recorded during a 3½ hr sleep period: EEG, EOG, body movements, heart rate, respiratory rate, peripheral pulse voltime, phasic vasoconstrictions, rectal temperature, and rapid variations in skin potential.None of the experimental presleep activities influenced the EEG cycle during the 3½ hrs of sleep. In particular, there were no significant differences in the following measurements as a result of presleep condition: amount of REMP time, time to first REMP, amount of delta sleep, time to first delta sleep, amount of stage 2 sleep, or number of sleep stage changes. These findings indicate a surprising stability of the sleep stage cyclevis a visthe markedly different evening activities.Physiological arousal after exercise decreased rapidly until it was no longer distinguishable from the base levels following studying or relaxation. A tendency to approach these base levels was observed even in heart rate, a variable which remained elevated after exercise throughout the 3½ hrs of sleep. For none of the physiological variables was the level of physiological arousal during sleep inversely related to the level of physiological arousal during wakefulness.Relating EEG sleep stages to the other variables of this study, it was observed that on nights when respiratory rate was high there was more delta sleep and less stage 2 sleep. Also, respiratory minima were most often found during stage 2 sleep immediately following a REMP, and respiratory maxima during NREM sleep were significantly associated with delta sleep. These results support Bülow's (1963) proposal that a close coupling exists between respiratory centers and those neural structures that regulate EEG aro

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1968.tb02767.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAn experiment was performed to test the effect of changing the CS‐US interval on the pattern of conditioned salivation. Each of 6 subjects (Ss) received 60 reinforced trials on each of 3 CS‐US intervals: 10, 20, and 40 sec. For each CS‐US interval 10 test trials were given to determine the change in pattern of response with change in the CS‐US interval. An additional session included 2 test trials in which an extraneous stimulus was given simultaneously with the CS. The results showed little evidence of inhibition of delay in the longer intervals or of disinhibition when the extraneous stimulus was applied. The most significant result was a response which followed CS offset in the 20‐ and 40‐sec intervals. The question of the nature of this response remains to be answered by use of a different experimental design. Significance of the level of conditioning remained high (p<. 00001) over the manipulation of CS

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1968.tb02768.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTDuring normal classroom instruction involving presentation of a traffic safety film, the apparent skin conductance of each of 83 high school students was recorded on a separate magnetic tape channel, for subsequent computer analysis. Retention of film information was tested by a written questionnaire immediately after the film. The regression of retention on arousal depended upon the type of analysis and the measure of arousal: inverted‐U for interindividual analysis and arousal level, and inverse for intraindividual analysis and arousal increment. These results, significant at the. 01 level, suggest that differences in some previous results may reflect the type of analysis and measure of arousal employe

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1968.tb02769.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAbility to control GSRs through the use of ideational stimulation was studied in 26 professional actors. During one 10‐min period, “Respond,”Ss had to make as many GSRs as possible; during the other period, “Rest,”Ss were instructed to inhibit their GSRs. AllSs received continuous visual feedback of their responses during both periods. No relationship was found between ability to control GSRs and emotional expression as measured by the ratings of directors. However, as predicted, method actors performed at a significantly higher level than non‐method actors. An additional finding was that those actors who normally experience sweating as their primary response to stress performed at a higher level than n

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1968.tb02770.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTPursuit eye movements induced by Deckert's technique, using a moving object of specific excursion and beat frequency, were compared between active watching of the moving object and recalling the motion with eyes closed. Ability for visual imagery and incidence of its use were evaluated by questionnaires and discussion following the test procedure. Eye movements during eyes‐closed recall occurred significantly more frequently in visualizers than non‐visualizers. Exceptions to the relationship suggest that the occurrence of eye movements during recall do not necessarily indicate presence of visual imagery, but that oculomotor activity may be recalled independently. Eye movements during eyes‐closed recall generally under‐ or over‐estimate both excursion and timing of the origin

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1968.tb02771.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAlpha waves in the EEG occur with a time delay in the anteroposterior direction. The hypothesis that this time delay is associated with level of arousal was tested. Alpha time delay was determined from covariance functions and level of arousal from palmar skin conductance levels. The results support the hypothesis.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1968.tb02772.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTDuring stage REM sleep, eye movements were found to be distributed in discrete bursts of rapid eye movement (REM‐bursts). REM‐burst time averaged approximately 10 percent of stage REM sleep and the rate within a subject was consistent from epoch‐to‐epoch and night‐to‐night. Consistent subject biases in eye movement direction were also found.Within subject correlations were obtained between REM‐burst time and autonomic activity. Significant positive correlations were found for respiration rate and number of finger pulse responses. There were positive but insignificant correlations with electrodermal activity, heart rate and decreases in respiration amplitude. Autonomic variability was not significantly associated with R

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1968.tb02773.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA beat‐by‐beat analysis of the human heart rate (HR) response to repeated presentation of 3 intensities of auditory stimulation (50, 70, and 90 db) was undertaken to test the hypothesis that the HR component of the orienting response (OR) is deceleration. Over‐all level of poststimulus acceleration and a late acceleratory component of a multi‐phasic response pattern best met the criteria of an OR, suggesting an alternative hyp

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1968.tb02774.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTPhysiological measures—breathing amplitude (BA), breathing cycle time (BCT), galvanic skin response (GSR), skin potential response (SPR), systolic blood pressure (BP), oxygen saturation level (O2S), finger volume (FV), and pulse volume (PV)—were compared with respect to their relative efficiency in discriminating deception in a lie detection experiment. ThirtySs were tested. Stimuli consisted of personal words and neutral words made relevant in the context of a mock crime paradigm. Only GSR, SPR, and FV consistently discriminated better than chance, with GSR and SPR significantly superior to FV. BA and O2S yielded some evidence of discrimination, but were inconsistent across stimulus mater

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1968.tb02775.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTGalvanic skin responses (GSRs) were measured on 12 maleSs under four conditions: rest, reaction time measurements, a cold pressor, and a combination of cold pressor and reaction time measurements. Both reaction time measurements alone and cold pressor alone caused increased sympathetic activity, but when the former was combined with cold pressor the ongoing autonomic activity was depressed.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1968.tb02776.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY