摘要:

SummaryTwenty‐six species of spiders are described in this paper. Of these, 12 are known and 14 are new to science. The new species belong to ten genera distributed in the families Thomisidae, Clubionidae, Agelenidae, Argiopida

ISSN:0368-2935    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1962.tb01624.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary1The Oribatid fauna of Kinder Scout, a 2000‐ft plateau in Derbyshire, has been investigated and a faunal list is given.2Calyptozetes sarekensis(Trägårdh, 1910), a genus and species new to the British fauna, is reported present on Kinder Scout. This is the second ‘arctic’ form found in this locality, a report onPlatynothrus punctatus(L. Koch, 1879) having been given by the author in an earlier paper.3The problem of the discontinuous distribution of these forms is discussed. The ‘wind‐dispersal’ theory, as an explanation of their discontinuous distribution, is rejected on the grounds that there is insufficient evidence to support the view that Oribatci do, in fact, undergo dispersal by wind. An alternative hypothesis, that these forms represent a relict fauna of the Pleistocene Ice Age, is preferred

ISSN:0368-2935    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1962.tb01625.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAll major types of lophophore in branehiopods, except the ptyeholophe, are represented among the growth stages of the five species described here. The basic ciliary mechanisms are uniform, and similar to those known in other species. The mantle cavity is always divided by the lophophore into inhalant and exhalant chambers with separate apertures; but the arrangement may change radically during ontogeny with the increasing complexity of the lophophore, which is attributed to a dimensional relation between food‐collecting capacity and metabolic requirements. The limited variety of lophophoral arrangements is taken to reflect an inherent limitation imposed by the basic structure and function of lophophores. The feeding mechanisms are compared briefly with those of other filter‐feeding anim

ISSN:0368-2935    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1962.tb01626.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary1The accessory respiratory organs of0. punctatusconsist of:–1The supra‐branchial chamber,1the respiratory ‘plates’, and1the respiratory epithelium.2The incomplete division of the supra‐branchial chamber into an anterior and a posterior compartment, the action of the shutter (dendritic plate), the manner of communication between the two compartments and the communication with the pharynx by means of an inhalant aperture are described.3The respiratory plates have a bony medulla, cortex of connective tissue and a richly vascularized epithelium.4The respiratory nodules consists of connective tissue covered externally by a stratified epithelium. Mucous glands and taste‐buds occur on them. Each nodule represents a modified gill lamella and its covering epithelium is derived partly from the wall of the pharynx and partly from the branchial epithelium.5The respiratory epithelium covering the ‘plates’ and ‘nodules’, and lining the supra‐branchial chamber consists of vascular and non‐vascular areas. Each vascular area is studded with ‘rosettes’ of papillae projecting from the epithelium.6The branchial muscles have become modified in several ways in order to suit the changeover from the aquatic to the aerial mode of respiration. InO. striatusthe first, second and the fourth levators are well developed, run over the saccular part of the supra‐branchial chamber and are responsible for its bellowing action. InO. punc‐iatusthe second and third levators have modified into the constrictor supra‐branchi‐alis which fans out on the wall of the posterior part of the supra‐branchial chamber.The non‐vascular part of the epithelium is in the form of irregular ‘lanes’ between the adjacent vascular areas.The presence of pilaster cells and the pattern of the vascular supply to the ‘rosette’ show that the vascular papillae of the respiratory epithelium of the supra‐branchial chamber, the nodules and the plates have been derived from the gill lamellae. Each vascular ‘patch’ or ‘zone’ structurally corresponds to one primary gill lame

ISSN:0368-2935    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1962.tb01627.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary1Apart from their elongation, the skulls of pygopods are gecko‐like in general form and in the elements present. Cranial morphology supports the views of gecko‐pygopod affinities which have been expressed by McDowell&Bogert (1954) and Underwood (1957).2Of the various pygopod genera, the skull ofPygopusis the least modified, while that ofDelmais very similar to it.3The most extreme elongation of the pre‐optic and post‐optic regions of the skull occurs inLialis.InAprasia, differential elongation of dorsal and ventral regions of the skull anteriorly results in the mouth being ventral instead of terminal.4Pletholaxis the only known genus amongst pygopods and Australian geckos in which the frontals are not fused, and is further characterized by the fact that certain bones of the head overlap.5Lialisis unique among pygopods in lacking a jugal.6Aprasiainvariably lacks maxillary teeth. Furthermore, premaxillary teeth are lacking in juveniles of this genus, and also in adult females except those ofA. striolata.7As in Australian geckos, only a single splinter‐like temporal bone may be recognized between the parietal and quadrate.8The hyobranchial apparatus is extremely gecko‐like in form.9The reduced, U‐shaped pectoral girdle ofAprasiais re‐interpreted. It is suggested that the elements present are the two cartilaginous suprascapulae, the two bony clavicles, and a median piece representing the clavicular symphysis.10The pectoral girdle ofPletholax gracilisis unique amongst known pygopods and Australian geckos in the presence of a bony interclavicle.11The three elements of the pelvic girdle, namely the pubis, ischium and ilium, are invariably present. However, different pygopod genera show various stages of hind limb reduction, fromPygopusin which even four digits of the foot are present, toAprasia, in which only one bone, the femur, is present in the hind limb rudiment.12The morphological distinctiveness of various pygopod genera is discussed in terms of heterochrony. Differences between adult species and genera, though genetically based, are subsequently related to the time of embryonic appearance of certain structures as compared with neighbouring structures, and to their varying rates

ISSN:0368-2935    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1962.tb01628.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY