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1. |
Minimizing Malnutrition among the Elderly |
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Journal of the American College of Nutrition,
Volume 3,
Issue 1,
1984,
Page 1-2
RussellRobert M.,
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ISSN:0731-5724
DOI:10.1080/07315724.1984.10738054
出版商:Routledge
年代:1984
数据来源: Taylor
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2. |
Mineral and trace element content of vegetarian diets. |
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Journal of the American College of Nutrition,
Volume 3,
Issue 1,
1984,
Page 3-11
KramerL B,
OsisD,
CoffeyJ,
SpencerH,
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摘要:
Lacto-ovo, lacto, and vegan vegetarian diets were analyzed for calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, iron, and nitrogen at four calorie intake levels ranging from 1,700 to 2,800 kcal/day. Diets containing dairy products had a high calcium and phosphorus content, ranging from 1,279 to 1,755 mg calcium and 1,378 to 2,160 mg phosphorus for the four calorie levels, respectively, and vegan diets contained less calcium, ranging from 612 to 810 mg. The magnesium content of all three types of vegetarian diets was adequate or high, ranging from 366 to 560 mg/day. The zinc content was lower than that of the RDA (15 mg/day), and was particularly low at the 1,700 calorie intake levels of all diets. The iron content of these diets varied widely and ranged from 12.7 to 22.7 mg. This study has shown that vegetarian diets planned and presented at the higher calorie intake levels contain adequate amounts of minerals and trace elements, whereas this is not the case at the 1,700 calorie intake level. This observation is of importance as the mineral and trace element content of relatively low calorie vegetarian diets would not supply sufficient amounts of these nutrients. In addition, the bioavailability of minerals and trace elements from these diets remains to be determined.
ISSN:0731-5724
DOI:10.1080/07315724.1984.10720032
出版商:Routledge
年代:1984
数据来源: Taylor
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3. |
Nutritional status of an institutionalized aged population. |
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Journal of the American College of Nutrition,
Volume 3,
Issue 1,
1984,
Page 13-25
SmithJ L,
WickiserA A,
KorthL L,
GrandjeanA C,
SchaeferA E,
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摘要:
The nutritional status of 146 elderly residents in a long-term care facility was evaluated using biochemical and anthropometric measures. The level of nursing care required and meal locale had no significant effect on the overall nutritional status of the residents. The biochemical data indicated three nutritional problems requiring treatment and follow-up: anemia, low vitamin B6 status, and reduced albumin levels. The incidence of these problems in other groups of elderly deserves further study. Six percent of the study population were anemic, with 13% having low serum folate, 6% with low transferrin saturation, and 31% with low TIBC values suggesting more than one factor involved in the anemia. Low vitamin B6 status was observed in 28% of the population. Whether this is due to poor intake, poor absorption, or both is not known. The percentage of residents with decreased albumin levels was slightly higher than that observed in other studies of the elderly, and may be related to the more advanced age of this population.
ISSN:0731-5724
DOI:10.1080/07315724.1984.10720033
出版商:Routledge
年代:1984
数据来源: Taylor
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4. |
The influence of ready-to-eat cereal consumption at breakfast on nutrient intakes of individuals 62 years and older. |
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Journal of the American College of Nutrition,
Volume 3,
Issue 1,
1984,
Page 27-44
MorganK J,
ZabikM E,
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摘要:
From 7-day food diaries of a cross-sectional sample of American elderly individuals (n = 561), breakfast consumption patterns were assessed and related to average daily nutrient intake patterns. Results indicated that, in general, breakfast consumption made a significant contribution to the average elderly individual's daily nutrient intake and, in particular, breakfasts containing ready-to-eat cereal had a greater impact on nutrient intake levels than did breakfasts not containing ready-to-eat cereal. More specifically, elderly individuals who had ready-to-eat cereal at breakfast 4-7 times during the week surveyed consumed significantly less (P less than or equal to 0.05) fat and cholesterol and significantly more fiber, carbohydrate, total sugar, protein, thiamin, niacin, riboflavin, vitamins B6, B12, and A, iron, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, copper, and zinc at the breakfast meal than those who had no ready-to-eat cereal at breakfast. Fewer statistically significant differences between the two groups were evidenced when vitamin/mineral supplement usage was included in the analysis. Average daily intake levels of frequent consumers of ready-to-eat cereal were significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) greater than those of nonconsumers for all dietary components except protein, fat, cholesterol, vitamin E, and sodium when supplement usage was excluded from the calculations. When supplements were included, significant differences between the two groups decreased to nine dietary components. Comparison of the average nutrient composition of breakfasts containing ready-to-eat cereal and those not containing ready-to-eat cereal revealed those including ready-to-eat cereal contained significantly greater quantities of all nutrients assessed regardless of whether or not vitamin/mineral supplements were included in the calculations.
ISSN:0731-5724
DOI:10.1080/07315724.1984.10720034
出版商:Routledge
年代:1984
数据来源: Taylor
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5. |
Effect of increasing doses of phenytoin on the plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations. |
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Journal of the American College of Nutrition,
Volume 3,
Issue 1,
1984,
Page 45-50
GasconM,
VilleneuveJ P,
LebrunL H,
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摘要:
The circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D]concentrations were studied in a patient receiving increasing doses of phenytoin. The plasma 1,25(OH)2D concentrations were independent of the dose of phenytoin administered, as well as of the drug plasma concentrations. The plasma 25(OH)D concentrations were, on the other hand, increased by low phenytoin concentration but rapidly declined when the dose of phenytoin was increased and/or as the length of time of exposure to the drug increased. A linear relationship (R = 0.9651, P less than 0.05) was found between the plasma 25(OH)D concentrations and the dose/plasma phenytoin concentration ratio, suggesting that chronic phenytoin administration may have a dose-related effect on the circulating 25(OH)D concentrations.
ISSN:0731-5724
DOI:10.1080/07315724.1984.10720035
出版商:Routledge
年代:1984
数据来源: Taylor
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6. |
Assessment of caloric needs in stressed patients. |
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Journal of the American College of Nutrition,
Volume 3,
Issue 1,
1984,
Page 51-59
PaauwJ D,
McCamishM A,
DeanR E,
OuelletteT R,
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摘要:
An accurate assessment of the energy needs of hospitalized patients is necessary to fulfill caloric requirements, yet avoid inducing complications associated with excessive energy provisions. The objective of this study was to compare actual energy needs as determined by indirect calorimetry with several methods for estimating energy needs. These included the Harris-Benedict Equation (HBE), HBE plus factors for stress (ie, trauma, surgery, cancer), Wilmore's nomogram, and estimates using 25 and 35 kcal/kg. One hundred nineteen parenteral nutrition patients were studied. HBE or the method of 25 kcal/kg was found to be most accurate in predicting energy needs. Stress factor adjustments of HBE significantly overestimated energy needs when compared to indirect calorimetry, as did the use of Wilmore's nomogram and the factor of 35 kcal/kg.
ISSN:0731-5724
DOI:10.1080/07315724.1984.10720036
出版商:Routledge
年代:1984
数据来源: Taylor
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7. |
Pancreatic exocrine function and cyclic nucleotides in the diabetic rat. |
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Journal of the American College of Nutrition,
Volume 3,
Issue 1,
1984,
Page 61-67
VerchR L,
WallachS,
TaylorR,
AgrawalR,
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摘要:
Streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in the rat results in a 30% decrease in serum amylase and an 80% decrease in pancreatic amylase levels. Pancreatic trypsinogen levels decrease 50% whereas pancreatic lipase levels increase 30%. Plasma cyclic nucleotide levels (cAMP and cGMP) increase 40-100%, urine cyclic nucleotide levels decrease 75-99%, but pancreatic cyclic nucleotide levels are unchanged. Short-term insulin treatment restores pancreatic amylase and trypsinogen levels to normal but has no effect on serum amylase or pancreatic lipase levels. Plasma cAMP levels decrease 20% toward normal during insulin treatment, but no other effects on cyclic nucleotide levels occur. These data confirm the profound but reversible effect of experimental diabetes mellitus on pancreatic secretion of amylase and trypsinogen. The results suggest that cyclic nucleotides do not play a direct role in the generation of pancreatic exocrine deficiency in diabetes mellitus or its reversal by insulin.
ISSN:0731-5724
DOI:10.1080/07315724.1984.10720037
出版商:Routledge
年代:1984
数据来源: Taylor
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8. |
Placental transport of chromium. |
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Journal of the American College of Nutrition,
Volume 3,
Issue 1,
1984,
Page 69-74
WallachS,
VerchR L,
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摘要:
Since trivalent chromium (Cr+3) transport into certain tissues is rapid, the placental transport of injected high specific activity 51Cr+3 was studied in pregnant rats at days 17-20 of gestation. Three days after the intravenous injection of 51Cr+3, body retention of 51Cr was similar in pregnant and nonpregnant rats, but in the pregnant rats placentofetal uptake of 51Cr accounted for 25-30% of the 51Cr retention. The mean 51Cr content per placentofetal unit was 0.89 +/−0.03% injected dose. Serum and tissue 51Cr contents per milliliter or gram in the pregnant rats were decreased by 50-80% except in uterus, which was unchanged. Tissue/serum 51Cr ratios were increased by 70-300% in the pregnant rats compared to the nonpregnant controls. These results indicate that the placentofetal unit is capable of extracting large amounts of Cr from the mother, and support the suggestion that maternal Cr is depleted during pregnancy. The data also suggest that body tissues may defend their Cr stores against Cr depletion by adaptive cellular Cr transport mechanisms.
ISSN:0731-5724
DOI:10.1080/07315724.1984.10720038
出版商:Routledge
年代:1984
数据来源: Taylor
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9. |
Infant adiposity and maternal energy consumption in well-controlled diabetics. |
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Journal of the American College of Nutrition,
Volume 3,
Issue 1,
1984,
Page 75-83
WursterP A,
KochenourN K,
ThomasM R,
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摘要:
This study was designed to determine the relationship of maternal diet and infant adiposity in well-controlled diabetics. The relationship between the fat consumption pattern of the pregnant diabetic and the adiposity of her infant was investigated. Length, weight, and head circumference; triceps, subscapular, and anterior thigh skinfolds; and subcutaneous fat layer were obtained on ten infants of diabetic mothers and ten infants of nondiabetic mothers. Measurements were taken at 48 h, 2 weeks, and 1 month postpartum. Maternal dietary intakes were recorded for 6 days during the third trimester of pregnancy. Infants of diabetic mothers and infants of nondiabetic mothers exhibited differences in birth length, 2-week and 1-month head circumference, 2-week triceps skinfold thickness, and fat layer. However, measurements differing at birth were not consistant with those differing at repeated measurements throughout the first month of life. Only the dietary intake of linoleic acid as a percentage of energy intake differed between the two groups of women. The diabetic women consumed more linoleic acid. The fat consumption pattern in the pregnant diabetic was unrelated to the subsequent anthropometric measurements of her infant. The well-controlled diabetics in this study did not have large-for-gestational-age infants.
ISSN:0731-5724
DOI:10.1080/07315724.1984.10720039
出版商:Routledge
年代:1984
数据来源: Taylor
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10. |
The clinical dietitian as an educator of medical students. |
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Journal of the American College of Nutrition,
Volume 3,
Issue 1,
1984,
Page 85-91
MontandonC M,
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摘要:
The study of nutrition as it relates to patient evaluation and care is a necessary component of the education of medical students. Although the clinical dietitian is the person best qualified to provide applied nutrition education, this contribution has been made only since the integration of the dietitian into the health care team. Full utilization of the knowledge and expertise of the dietitian in the education of the medical student has yet to occur.
ISSN:0731-5724
DOI:10.1080/07315724.1984.10720040
出版商:Routledge
年代:1984
数据来源: Taylor
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