摘要:

The effects of the cannabinoids Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabinol and cannabidiol on the primary humoral immune response, the secondary humoral immune response and the memory aspect of humoral immunity in response to sheep red blood cell (SRBC) immunization was investigated. Mice treated with THC (10 and 15 mg/kg) during the primary immunization period exhibited a suppression of the primary humoral immune response. Mice treated with THC during the secondary immunization period showed no measurable suppression of the secondary humoral immune response to the immunizing antigen. The memory aspect of humoral immunity was assessed when treatment with cannabinoids was carried out during the primary immunization period and the ability of mice to undergo a secondary immune response was evaluated; suppression of the secondary humoral immune response was evident with THC treatment (10 and 15 mg/kg). Cannabinol and cannabidiol (10 and 25 mg/kg) treated mice showed no impairment in the ability to undergo primary or secondary immune responses with any treatment protocol. In vivo investigations of the effects of cannabinoids on the thymus were also carried out. Thymus weight and thymus cell number were depressed in mice undergoing a primary humoral immune response when treated with THC (10 and 15 mg/kg) during this period. THC treatment, however, did not alter these parameters in mice not challenged with antigen. In both challenged and unchallenged animals, cannabinol and cannabidiol did not measurably alter the thymus

ISSN:0031-7012    

DOI:10.1159/000137763

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of the cannabinoids, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabinol (CBN) and cannabidiol (CBD), on the primary-like immune response were investigated in primary cultures of mouse splenocytes. Splenocyte cultures were stimulated with sheep erythrocytes in vitro and incubated with cannabinoids for the first 24 h after antigenic stimulation (prior to initiation of DNA synthesis), from 24 h to 6 days after antigenic stimulation, and for the entire 5-day period. THC (1 and 5 μM) and CBD (5 μM) depressed the primary-like immune response of stimulated mouse splenocytes when incubated for the first 24 h after antigenic stimulation and the entire 6-day culture period. CBN did not show any measurable suppression of the primary-like immune response. Treatment of splenocyte cultures with cannabinoids after the first 24 h after antigenic stimulation showed no impairment of the in vitro primary-like immune respon

ISSN:0031-7012    

DOI:10.1159/000137764

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Chronic oral treatment of young adult male Fischer rats with Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 1, 5 and 25 mg kg–1 day–1, or crude marihuana extract (CME), 3, 15 and 75 mg kg–1 day–1, reduced body weight gain by about 50–80% at the high CME or THC dose and was correlated with decreased food intake. When cannabinoid was administered early in the light cycle (9–11 a.m.), cauda epididymis sperm count and seminal vesicle fluid and fructose content were depressed to 50–65% at the high dosages but were not significantly different from those of pair-fed controls. Administration late in the light cycle (4–5 p.m.) depressed epididymal sperm count, seminal vesicle fluid content, and weight of testis, seminal vesicles and epididymis to 40–80% below that seen for pair-fed controls. 24 h after the last treatment, serum testosterone was unchanged in intubated control and low-dose treated rats, compared with untreated controls, but was elevated nearly twofold in medium-dose-treated rats (p < 0.05). The results indicate that time of cannabinoid administration as well as feeding pattern are critical in studies of the rat r

ISSN:0031-7012    

DOI:10.1159/000137765

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In normal animals, dopamine and dobutamine produce similar haemodynamic effects. However, clinical observations on patients in heart failure suggest that dobutamine produces a more favourable and stable haemodynamic effect. One explanation is that the inotropic action of dopamine is largely an indirect one mediated through noradrenaline release, while that of dobutamine is direct. If this were true, one would predict that the haemodynamic effects of dopamine and dobutamine would be similar over short-term infusions, but that the response to dopamine would be attenuated with time as a result of noradrenaline depletion. Experiments are reported which are consistent with this explanation. 15-min infusions of graded doses of dopamine and dobutamine produced indistinguishable haemodynamic effects in a dog model in which the haemodynamic characteristics of heart failure were produced by a chronic aorta-left atrial shunt: dopamine also produced the expected increase in mesenteric and renal flows with this short-term exposure. With long-term infusions of dopamine (5 h), the specific mesenteric/renal vasodilatation was lost with time, and indices of myocardial contractility also were attenuated with time. In contrast, the haemodynamic actions of dobutamine were well maintained. Both amines lowered total peripheral resistance and ventricular filling pressures over the entire period. These results suggest that the haemodynamic responses to dopamine change with time, and that some of the discrepancies between animal observations (short term) and those in patients (invariably long term) can be explained on this basis rather than on the basis of species differences or underlying pathology. They also suggest that dopamine is a less suitable ‘inotropic’ drug than dobutam

ISSN:0031-7012    

DOI:10.1159/000137766

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of different antibiotics on the mucociliary activity of the upper respiratory tract of rabbit was tested in vitro. Erythromycin base had no effect, although erythromycin lactobionate had a minor inhibitory effect. Kanamycin and gentamicin had no inhibitory effect in high concentrations. Doxycycline had the highest mucociliary inhibitory effect; however, the toxic concentrations are more than 10 times the clinically relevant serum levels after oral administration.

ISSN:0031-7012    

DOI:10.1159/000137767

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In vitro drug metabolism from liver and kidney of rats was studied for up to 12 days following a single intraperitoneal injection of the antineoplastic drug cisplatinum. At 3,5, and 8 days posttreatment, hepatic cytochrome P-450 dependent enzyme activity was increased 20–45%, but levels of cytochromes P-450 and bi were unaltered. Hepatic in vitro stimulated thiobarbituric acid reactive (TBAR) substances were increased at all times, with a maximum of 20 times normal on day 5. Renal aniline hydroxylase activity was elevated 25–95% throughout the first 8 days. Renal in vitro stimulated TBAR substances were not significantly altered. In vitro addition of cisPt to control microsomes resulted in no consistent, dose-related changes in substrate metabol

ISSN:0031-7012    

DOI:10.1159/000137768

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In the present paper, two experiments are performed to test the efficacy of the intravenous administration of hypertonic glucose (25 or 50%) in alcoholic intoxication. In a first experiment, 10 healthy, nonstarved volunteers, received 15 min after the ingestion of 1.0 g/kg alcohol, 40 ml of 25% glucose i.v., the same volume of 0.9% NaCl or no injection. According to evaluations performed at several time intervals up to 2 h after alcohol ingestion, no difference among the 3 conditions was observed either in the intensity of alcohol intoxication or on blood alcohol levels. In a second experiment, blood glucose and alcohol levels were evaluated in 80 alcoholized patients in an emergency room. The mean glycemic value was 94 mg/100 ml. No difference was found by comparing this value with that presented by nonalcoholized patients. The 80 patients were distributed in two groups of 40 each: one of them was intravenously administered 40 ml of glucose 50% while the other was injected with saline. About 20–30 min later the patients of both groups were clinically evaluated by the physician on duty, being considered equally improved regardless of the injection. The self-evaluation by the patients provided similar result

ISSN:0031-7012    

DOI:10.1159/000137769

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger