摘要:

AbstractCriticism of development projects is widespread, and blame for disappointing results is cast in many directions. One line of criticism which has become quite strong in the recent development literature is that development projects are too top‐down and need to be more bottom‐up (e.g. Maguire, 1981). Projects should involve more participation by beneficiaries. In fact, some would argue that real development, by definition, must involve beneficiaries in their own improvement (e.g. Gran, 1983a,b). Without participation the people may benefit but not develop from a project. Thus participation has intrinsic value.As the recognition of the value of public, popular, beneficiary, or community participation has increased, so has the range of what is meant by participation. Some authors have expanded the concept to mean empowerment and capacity‐building, sometimes including institution‐building. In this paper we do not attempt to redefine participationper se.but aim instead to make an inventory of the principal concepts that have evolved in the literature so far, elicit a general model of participatory development projects, deduce the central implicit hypotheses from this literature on the relationship between participation and project effectiveness, and statistically test these hypotheses from the empirical evidence provided by AID'S series of 52 Impact Evaluation Reports. Our major question is how much does beneficiary participation contribute to project effect

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230070102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA fundamental reason why public service management in many Third World countries has improved so little, despite significant training inputs, is that the political and bureaucratic elite do not want it to. The ‘Hombe thesis’ is that the elite consists of executives skilled in managing the system to meet their own interests and to preserve the status quo. Further, aid organizations and third parties engaged in management development tend to collude with the elite. Three additional basic problems are explored. First, that of developing a style of management appropriate to the local political and social environment. Second, identifying the actual functions of chief executives in the public service and helping managers to develop expertise in their roles. Third, the difficulties of assessing real managerial training needs rather than expressing desires. The paper concludes with a plea to face the fundamental constraints to effective management and training instead of playing around with subordinate iss

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230070103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRural development management in Nepal has been criticized for more than a decade now on the grounds of the country's weak aid‐absorbing capacity, administrative slowness and poor project management. Though several reforms of the rural development planning and management systems have been staged, at present coordination in integrated rural development projects remains weak. The paper reports on the empirical findings of research on mechanisms, procedures, organizational arrangements and problems of coordination. Although the country's environment, and its socioeconomic and cultural constraints, may negatively influence smooth operations in implementing integrated programmes, several policy considerations for improvement may be formulated. Among these, organizational reform with decentralization and reduction of the number of offices involved, strengthening the resource management system, especially budget release and personnel motivation, and a more integrated method of policy, programme and project formulation are the issues considered most important by the government officers themselves. Part II will appear in vol. 7, no. 3 of this journal, and examines the implementation and management of rural development in the Karnali and Bheri districts of the Mid‐Western Development Region of Ne

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230070104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDevelopment planning in Bangladesh has not been conspicuously successful. Neverthless it is essential for the nation to continue to plan its economy. Bangladesh's plans must be explored within the context of the economic and sociopolitical constraints that are placed upon the plan and its implementation. The First Five Year Plan (FFYP) was prepared within the framework of a socialist economy but not implemented accordingly. The attitude of the government was a major factor in the eventual distortion of this plan. The mobilization of national resources and their allocation, land reforms, subsidy measures, and industrial policies pursued by the government appeared to protect group interests rather than following recommendations of the plan. A bitter triangular relationship emerged among the politicians, the bureaucrats and the planners. This can explain why the implementation of the plan fell short of what was minimally expected. Subsequent plans, unlike the FFYP which placed high priority on social sectors, have been formulated in favour of the more productive sectors of agriculture and manufacturing. The outcome has been a modest increase in economic growth, but inequality and poverty have tended to perpetuate themselves. To achieve growth with social equality, planning in Bangladesh appears to need strong public commitment and bureaucratic support, the absence of which may prove to make national development planning ineffective, if not counterproductive.

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230070105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn 1983 the Government of Kenya embarked on an accelerated programme of decentralization known as ‘District Focus’. This exercise in devolution is aimed at promoting more effective and efficient use of scarce domestic resources through efforts to strengthen planning capacity at the district level, improve horizontal integration among operating ministry field agents, and expand authority to district heads of operating ministries for managing financial and procurement aspects of local project implementation. Given the importance of this initiative to the economic growth of Kenya and the current search for administrative reforms that could help accelerate rural development in Africa, District Focus merits close attention by development experts. This article reviews the historical background, content, and implementation progress of District Fo

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230070106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Cayman Islands use some of the increasingly familiar methods of resolving administratively the problems of smallness. The country's development and administrative performance depend on human resources which need to be planned in order to reduce dependence on outsiders, especially among the middle ranks of technical and professional staff. Education and training for the public service in the Cayman Islands is inadequate. Control of the administration is weak, especially among the independent boards and commissions, and there is a need for appeal procedures when the principles of natural justice have been breached. Political manipultion in personnel matters adversely affects performance, and there is a need for an effective civil service association to deal with other abuses. The problems of public administration are solved by scaling down the role of government in favour of private enterprise and against the provision of social welfare.

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230070107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230070109

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230070110

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230070111

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230070112

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY