摘要:

AbstractThe theme of learning from experience as a means of improving the effectiveness of rural development projects and programmers has been common in recent years. Considerable effort has been put into refining, monitoring and evaluation systems to enhance organizational learning processes. However, an emphasis on normative approaches to evaluation and learning from experience has led to the neglect of research into the actual processes by which rural development agencies utilize experience. The case study presented here points to the shortcomings of such approaches and illustrates the partisan manner in which individuals and organizations treat the lessons of experience. Actively ‘not learning from experience’ is as much a part of organizational processes as learning from experience. This paper examines the implications of this finding and reviews alternative approaches to improving experiential learning in rural development activities. It is found that such a perspective does not generate the innocuous technical prescriptions characteristic of conventional approaches, but a number of useful directions for further research can be identif

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230090102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDespite much training in public administration over the past 20 years there has been little improvement in public service management in the Third World. This was anticipated in Schaffer's critical notion of ‘trainingism’. This concept, when applied to Papua New Guinea, helps us to understand why training has been unable to produce dramatic changes in public service performance. Training has been used to perform latent functions and has not been evaluated. The situation is currently under review as new initiatives are taking place to improve training's contribution to public service efficiency and effectiven

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230090103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the first section of this two‐part study the author considers the relationship between administrative structure and the persistence of broad ecological problems. This is set in the context of the issues leading to, and identified at, the Stockholm Conference on the Environment in 1972. It is evident that, despite all the interest and effort, the main parameters of environmental well‐being show that the situation remains at least as bad. The case is made that there is a considerable dysfunction between the nature of ecological problems and the ‘problem‐solving’ structures within the public arena. This dysfunction is here termed the ‘administrative trap’. This section concludes by reviewing three areas in which administrative innovation resulted very largely from the Stockholm initiative: Global Conferences and their attendant Global Institutions; Ministries of the Environment; and ‘reforms’ in the legi

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230090104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe paper discusses urban policy and performance in Nigeria against the background of the development of ideas and institutions affecting the cities since the early colonial period. It critically examines the patterns of rural‐urban relations, the policies for urban land‐use control, town planning and municipal government, pointing out the inadequacies, especially the inefficiency of the machinery for implementing otherwise well‐intentioned policies and programmes. The paper is especially critical of the lack of coordination and imagination in urban management, as well as the elitist orientation in urban planning and housing. It explores the potential value, as well as the limitations, of community self‐help programmes for housing and sanitation in towns, in circumstances of worsening economic difficulties and drastic cutbacks in public funding and private investments. Finally, while endorsing the vigorous programmes now under way for rural development, the paper points out the futility of the current aggressive anti‐urban back‐to‐land crusade, even in the legitimate concern to meet the basic needs of the predominantly r

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230090105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article presents methodologies to assist government officials in various African countries who have to deal with ill‐defined policy problems arising out of perceived performance shortcomings on the part of state enterprises. It reviews the historical role and record of state enterprise in African economies, the assumptions and major arguments of the ‘privatization option’ and the major forms in which the latter may be carried out. In a situation where debate has tended at times to generate more heat than light, the approach is a pragmatic one, involving careful review of all policy alternatives, including public enterprise rehabilitation and a step by step application of privatisation feasibility analysis in cases where public enterprise rehabilitation proves unv

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230090106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGiven that government budgets are increasingly stretched in the face of competing demands, there is a pressing need for evidence on the costs and benefits of public sector investments. Nowhere is this need greater than in the health field, where the benefits of programmes are typically difficult to measure. Within the health sector a key area of interest is primary health care, which is generally regarded as a central function and the most important means by which the health of the population can be improved. This paper reports the results of a recent survey of Commonwealth countries which sought to establish the extent of economic evaluation of PHC programmes, the impact on decision‐making and the level of health economics expertise available in Third World countries. Based on the results of the survey, suggestions are made for improving the commissioning and conduct of economic evaluations, for interpreting and implementing evaluation results, and for developing government expertise in economic evaluatio

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230090107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn an analysis of the administration of government in the British Virgin Islands the Deputy Governor's use of team or collective management techniques stands out as an important factor in the success of the Islands in coping with problems of small scale and of sparse resources. This method of reaching general decisions may be rooted in the country's African heritage, which was little touched by the brief attempt of English planters to develop a colony in the Islands. In any event, this heritage may be reinforceable as a bulwark against Americanization.

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230090108

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230090109

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230090110

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230090112

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY