摘要:

ABSTRACT:This study assesses the attitudes towards English and Chinese existing among secondary students in Hong Kong at the present time, with a view towards the imminent change in government which will take place in 1997. Using the same survey instrument as employed in an earlier study (Piersonet al., 1980), the authors surveyed 285 students in lower and upper secondary classes at selected public schools throughout the territory. The results indicate a strong motivation to learn English and tolerance towards the use of English in Hong Kong. As contrasted with the earlier study, secondary students in the present investigation did not associate the use of English with implicit threats to their Chinese identity, nor did they feel that it should be abandoned as a medium of instruction. These differences in response pattern may be due to methodological differences in the two surveys, or they may represent a change in language attitudes related to the changes which have taken place in Hong Kong over the last decade in anticipation of the takeover of the British territory by the Chinese government.

ISSN:0883-2919    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-971X.1994.tb00279.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:This paper argues for the extension of the term ‘new English’ to English creoles. It finds the distinction between ‘native’ and ‘indigenized/nativized’ Englishes as inadequate from the point of view of language genesis as the distinction between ‘indigenized’ and ‘creole’ Englishes. It argues that the criteria used for these distinctions are largely ethnographic and sociohistorical; more may be learned from treating them as different outcomes of the same language contact equation, which are determined by simply modifying the values of variab

ISSN:0883-2919    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-971X.1994.tb00280.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:One of the most troubling aspects of non‐native writing in English is the attribution of authorship. Taking a writing conference, an MA thesis and a transcript of a new story as illustrations, it is argued that in academic writing the facts presented are inseparable fromwhois taken to have presented those facts. Because academic writing is as much the construction of an authorial self as the presentation of fact, the attention of English teachers to the mechanics of attribution and reference may mask this deeper discourse process. It is suggested that the original, creative, rational and individualistic authorial self expected in English academic writing represents a construct of Utilitarian ideology which is likely to be in conflict with both current changes in English and with the culturally constructed selves of non‐native speaking students of Engl

ISSN:0883-2919    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-971X.1994.tb00281.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:The present study examines lexico‐semantic variation in Nigerian English with particular reference to the novels of three prominent Nigerian authors: Chukwuemeka Ike, Kole Omotoso and Zaynab Alkali. Ten categories of lexico‐semantic variation in Nigerian English are identified as follows: (a) loanshift, (b) semantic underdifferentiation, (c) lexico‐semantic duplication and redundancy, (d) ellipsis, (e) conversion, (f) clipping, (g) acronyms, (h) translation equivalents, (i) analogical creation and (j) coinage. The fact that all three authors consciously or subconsciously use Nigerian English expressions in their novels indicates that Nigerian English usage cuts across not only various social and educational strata but also first language backgrounds. Several of the Nigerian English expressions appearing in the novels have been institutionalized to such an extent that they are found across the novels analyzed in the study. The implications of this research are discussed in light of the on‐going debate between the ‘pedagogic unreality’ and ‘sociolinguistic reality’ schools concerning the ontological status of th

ISSN:0883-2919    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-971X.1994.tb00282.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:A frequent source of irritation for tourists or foreign residents in Egypt comes from their interaction with street hustlers of different kinds. Simple, well intentioned greetings or offers of services or even offers of help often give offense inadvertently and are negatively perceived by the visitor. This paper proposes to characterize how some of these hustlers’ routines operate and to provide a pragmatic analysis of what makes them surprising or unusual from an American English speaker's perspective. Results of the study indicate that cross‐cultural pragmatic failure between vendors and foreigners stems from different perceptions about such factors as who may speak and when, the degree of personal involvement, what constitutes an imposition, and such matters as privacy and sincer

ISSN:0883-2919    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-971X.1994.tb00283.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Nigeria is a member of the British Commonwealth, having once been a colony of Britain. The English language that developed as a result of the contact with Nigerian indigenous languages over three or more centuries, is the standard British variety mediated by some Nigerian linguistic colour. It can therefore be described as distinctly Nigerian, but British norm‐dependent. Years of political, social and economic interaction between Nigeria and the USA have motivated an increasing use of the American variety of English (in addition to British English) in Nigeria. This paper examines some of the linguistic features of the emerging Americanisms in Nigerian English, especially at the phonological and lexical levels, and attempts to account for these features. Findings point in the direction of a growing bidialectism ‐ American and British norms ‐ in Nigerian English. The paper also analyzes Nigerian usage quantitatively in relation to some sociological variables. It concludes that Nigerian speakers of English now face challenges much more complex than bi‐competence in the l

ISSN:0883-2919    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-971X.1994.tb00284.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Recent attention on English as the international maritime language has focused on Seaspeak for deck officers, the equivalent of Airspeak for airline pilots. However, Seaspeak is not the only reduced language used at sea, and this study draws attention to the language of the ship's radio officer in the setting up of telephone link calls between the ship and the shore telephone network. Although the format for such communication has to some extent been officially standardized into a reduced language, these procedures do not cover all eventualities, while features of natural language such as elision and varied politeness strategies persist, and unanticipated problems such as communication difficulties also result in departures from the standard procedures. Current trends in shipping policy are leading to a decline in the proportion of native English speakers among radio officers, and even to the redundancy of radio officers in general. This paper argues for the continuing role of shipboard communication specialists, and the necessity for adequate linguistic preparation during their training.

ISSN:0883-2919    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-971X.1994.tb00285.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0883-2919    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-971X.1994.tb00286.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0883-2919    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-971X.1994.tb00287.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0883-2919    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-971X.1994.tb00288.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY