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1. |
Approaches to reducing cardiovascular disease risk: food or pills? |
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Current Opinion in Lipidology,
Volume 12,
Issue 1,
2001,
Page 1-3
Alice Lichtenstein,
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ISSN:0957-9672
出版商:OVID
年代:2001
数据来源: OVID
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2. |
Dietary fats and cancer |
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Current Opinion in Lipidology,
Volume 12,
Issue 1,
2001,
Page 5-10
Peter Zock,
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摘要:
The present review addresses the evidence for a possible link between dietary fat and cancer. International comparisons suggest that a high-fat diet may increase cancer risk, and this hypothesis is supported by animal experiments. However, epidemiological studies within populations show little or inconsistent associations. Taken together, the available evidence for a relation between dietary fat and cancer is weak.
ISSN:0957-9672
出版商:OVID
年代:2001
数据来源: OVID
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3. |
Long-chain omega 3 fatty acids, blood lipids and cardiovascular risk reduction |
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Current Opinion in Lipidology,
Volume 12,
Issue 1,
2001,
Page 11-17
Trevor Mori,
Lawrence Beilin,
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摘要:
Increasing evidence suggests that omega 3 fatty acids derived from fish and fish oils may play a protective role in coronary heart disease and its many complications, through a variety of actions, including effects on lipids, blood pressure, cardiac and vascular function, prostanoids, coagulation and immunological responses. Interesting differences between the effects of highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid are emerging, which may be relevant in the choice of omega 3 fatty acid for incorporation into food products. On the basis of our current knowledge, we believe it is justified to recommend, particularly to high-risk populations, an increased dietary intake of omega 3 fatty acids through the consumption of fish.
ISSN:0957-9672
出版商:OVID
年代:2001
数据来源: OVID
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4. |
Moderate alcohol consumption: effects on lipids and cardiovascular disease risk |
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Current Opinion in Lipidology,
Volume 12,
Issue 1,
2001,
Page 19-23
Arie van Tol,
Henk Hendriks,
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摘要:
Light to moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease, as well as ischaemic stroke and possibly type 2 diabetes. Epidemiological and physiological data are in favour of a causal relationship. Proposed protective mechanisms include the stimulation of HDL-mediated processes such as reverse cholesterol transport and antioxidative effects. More well-controlled studies are needed to provide a complete understanding of the complexity of the underlying physiological mechanisms.
ISSN:0957-9672
出版商:OVID
年代:2001
数据来源: OVID
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5. |
Fats, lipids and blood coagulation |
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Current Opinion in Lipidology,
Volume 12,
Issue 1,
2001,
Page 25-29
Marja Mutanen,
Riitta Freese,
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摘要:
Saturated and n-3 fatty acids, postprandial lipaemia, and the combined effects of fatty acids and lipid-lowering drugs have been of principal interest in recent studies in the field of dietary fats, lipids and haemostasis. The sex-specific effect of individual saturated fatty acids on coagulation factor VII activity has been discovered, and the significant effect of factor VIIR353Qpolymorphism on the postprandial response has also been found. An increased intake of n-3 fatty acids or fat reduction when combined with intensive lifestyle interventions may lead to reduced thrombotic potential in type 2 diabetic patients and obese individuals. Furthermore, positive effects on haemostasis by combined treatment with long-chain n-3 fatty acids and simvastatin indicate that n-3 fatty acids may be of some relevance with lipid-lowering drugs. The possible unfavourable effect of n-3 fatty acids on plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity is still a matter of dispute, but recent studies suggest that n-3 fatty acids, including α-linolenic acid, may have antithrombotic effects by enhancing protein C activity.
ISSN:0957-9672
出版商:OVID
年代:2001
数据来源: OVID
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6. |
Conjugated linoleic acid: effects on plasma lipids and cardiovascular function |
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Current Opinion in Lipidology,
Volume 12,
Issue 1,
2001,
Page 31-34
Pramod Khosla,
Thomas Fungwe,
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摘要:
Conjugated linoleic acid is a collective name for mixtures of several positional and geometric conjugated dienoic isomers of linoleic acid, which have been shown to impact favorably on several biological processes, particularly carcinogenesis. Recent studies have clearly established that thec9,t11 andt10,c12 isomers have distinct biological effects. The latter may be of particular importance in affecting blood lipids. Because conjugated linoleic acid has been suggested to be anti-atherogenic, this review is focused on its effects on cardiovascular function. Careful scrutiny of the literature suggests that at present it is premature to assign any beneficial role to conjugated linoleic acid in terms of its ability to impact either blood lipids or atherogenesis.
ISSN:0957-9672
出版商:OVID
年代:2001
数据来源: OVID
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7. |
Soluble fiber and nondigestible carbohydrate effects on plasma lipids and cardiovascular risk |
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Current Opinion in Lipidology,
Volume 12,
Issue 1,
2001,
Page 35-40
Maria-Luz Fernandez,
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摘要:
The association between elevated plasma LDL-cholesterol concentrations and increased risk for heart disease has made the scientific community aware of dietary sources that might effectively reduce plasma cholesterol levels. Several large-scale cohort studies have documented that dietary fiber lowers the risk for coronary heart disease. In addition, there is substantial evidence from randomized controlled clinical trials that a mean reduction of 9% in LDL-cholesterol can be achieved by intake of different sources of soluble fiber. Incorporating fiber sources into our diet may provide a useful adjunct to a low-saturated fat diet, and may have a further beneficial effect for individuals who have mild-to-moderate hypercholesterolemia. The physicochemical properties of soluble fiber result in important modifications in volume, bulk and viscosity in the intestinal lumen, which will alter metabolic pathways of hepatic cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism, resulting in lowering of plasma LDL-cholesterol.
ISSN:0957-9672
出版商:OVID
年代:2001
数据来源: OVID
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8. |
Flavonoids protect LDL from oxidation and attenuate atherosclerosis |
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Current Opinion in Lipidology,
Volume 12,
Issue 1,
2001,
Page 41-48
Bianca Fuhrman,
Michael Aviram,
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摘要:
Consumption of some plant-derived flavonoids results in their absorption and appearance in plasma and tissues. The inverse relationship between dietary flavonoids consumption and cardiovascular diseases may be associated with the ability of flavonoids to attenuate LDL oxidation, macrophage foam cell formation and atherosclerosis. The effect of flavonoids on arterial cell-mediated oxidation of LDL is determined by their accumulation in the lipoprotein and in arterial cells, such as macrophages. Flavonoids can reduce LDL lipid peroxidation by scavenging reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, chelation of transition metal ions and sparing of LDL-associated antioxidants. They can also reduce macrophage oxidative stress by inhibition of cellular oxygenases [such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form (NADPH) oxidase] or by activating cellular antioxidants (such as the glutathione system). Thus, plant flavonoids, as potent natural antioxidants that protect against lipid peroxidation in arterial cells and lipoproteins, significantly attenuate the development of atherosclerosis.
ISSN:0957-9672
出版商:OVID
年代:2001
数据来源: OVID
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9. |
Is there a vitamin E paradox? |
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Current Opinion in Lipidology,
Volume 12,
Issue 1,
2001,
Page 49-53
Ishwarlal Jialal,
Maret Traber,
Sridevi Devaraj,
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摘要:
In addition to epidemiologic studies that suggest a benefit for high intakes of α-tocopherol, studies of supplementation in humans have clearly shown that α-tocopherol decreases lipid peroxidation, platelet aggregation, and functions as a potent anti-inflammatory agent. In the five large prospective clinical trials with α-tocopherol therapy, four have shown a beneficial effect on cardiovascular end-points (two studies on a primary end-point and two studies on other cardiovascular end-points). Thus, the totality of evidence based on the epidemiologic data, in-vitro studies and animal models, and the clinical trials appears to support a benefit for α-tocopherol supplementation in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease. However, definitive recommendations must await ongoing clinical trials.
ISSN:0957-9672
出版商:OVID
年代:2001
数据来源: OVID
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10. |
Synthetic and modified glycerides: effects on plasma lipids |
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Current Opinion in Lipidology,
Volume 12,
Issue 1,
2001,
Page 55-60
K. Hayes,
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摘要:
It has been suggested that the molecular species or structure of the triglyceride, i.e. not only what fatty acids are present but also their relative order in the sn1, 2, or 3 position on the triglyceride, can influence the metabolism of the triglyceride and its fatty acids, including lipoprotein metabolism. One rationale for this possibility assumes that the fatty acid in the sn2 position can be absorbed intact, i.e. as the sn2 monoglyceride, whereas the sn1,3 fatty acids are absorbed as free fatty acids that metabolize independently. Some sn2 monoglyceride might ultimately serve as the backbone for gut or liver phospholipids, exerting downstream influence on lipid metabolism. Experiments that test this hypothesis directly by feeding triglycerides with modified structure during carefully controlled fat intake are few, particularly in humans, but their results tend to support the paradigm.
ISSN:0957-9672
出版商:OVID
年代:2001
数据来源: OVID
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