ISSN:0957-9672    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This review describes the mechanisms by which polyunsaturated fatty acids regulate the activity of the nuclear transcription factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1, and it describes the role that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 play in coordinating the regulation of lipid synthesis, lipid oxidation, and thermogenesis. Finally, the requirement for dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly n-3 fatty acids, is defined in terms of the effects polyunsaturated fatty acids exert on gene expression and the role that these effects play in overall energy balance.

ISSN:0957-9672    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The past 20 years have witnessed enormous progress in our understanding of the biology of vascular endothelium and its role in cardiovascular disease. Stemming from the seminal observations of Furchgott, the concept of a continuous regulation of vascular tone by normal endothelium and alterations of such control in disease states has become one of the most enlightening concepts of cardiovascular research. This review covers a few updates on the topic, illustrating selective areas of recent progress in our understanding of endothelial function in the control of leucocyte adhesion, atherogenesis and vascular tone, as well as the alterations that cause and accompany vascular disease.

ISSN:0957-9672    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0957-9672    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Association studies of gene variants and response to dietary challenges represent one way of investigating gene-nutrient interactions. Several studies reported in the present review concentrate on evaluating variation at theapolipoprotein AI-CIII-AIVand apolipoprotein E gene loci, as well as thefatty acid binding proteingene. In addition, the effect of nutrients can be directly evaluated at the level of gene expression, and reports of in-vitro studies of control of fatty acid and triglycerides synthesis are discussed in the present review.

ISSN:0957-9672    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Recent studies continue to confirm previous observations thattransfatty acids elevate low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and at relatively high intakes decrease high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Considerable interest is focused on the potential benefits oftrans-free margarines. Both adipose and plasmatransfatty acid levels reflect dietary intake. Current estimates oftransfatty acid intake in developed countries range from 0.5 to 2.6% of energy, contributed to primarily by differences in food availability and preference, and partly by the methodological differences used to calculate the data.

ISSN:0957-9672    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Antioxidant nutrients are important for limiting damaging oxidative reactions in cells, which may predispose to the development of major clinical conditions such as heart disease and cancer. There is great interest in the possibility that the antioxidant potential of plant-derived phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids, may reduce the risk of developing these conditions. Antioxidant effectivenessin vivodepends on the bioavailability of these compounds, which was assumed to be low. However, recent studies with improved methodology indicate that some plant phenolics appear in plasma and body tissues and, thus, may be important nutritional antioxidants. However, this cannot be established with certainty until their effects on biomarkers of oxidative stress are established.

ISSN:0957-9672    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Viscous fibres such as guar, glucomannans, pectins, oat β-glucan and psyllium continue to be seen as hypocholesterolaemic. Nevertheless, in large cohort studies, ironically it is the insoluble cereal fibre that has been demonstrated to relate negatively to cardiovascular disease and diabetes, despite an absence of effect on fasting lipids or postprandial glycaemia. In general, resistant or nonabsorbable starch is lipid neutral, whereas some nonabsorbable sugars or oligosaccharides may raise serum cholesterol, possibly through providing more acetate after colonic fermentation by colonic microflora. On the other hand, fructo-oligosaccharides appear to reduce serum triglycerides for reasons that are not entirely clear. Of possibly greater recent interest have been the carbohydrates that are not so much resistant to absorption, but rather are slowly absorbed. They possess some of the features of dietary fibre in providing a substrate for colonic bacterial fermentation. In the small intestine, however, they form lente or sustained release carbohydrate. In the form of low glycaemic index foods, lente carbohydrate consumption has been shown to relate to improved blood lipid profiles in hyperlipidaemic individuals and improved glycaemic control in diabetes. In larger cohort studies, low glycaemic index foods or low glycaemic load diets have been associated with higher HDL-cholesterol levels and reduced incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

ISSN:0957-9672    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly those contained in fish oils, are candidates for inclusion in secondary prevention programmes for coronary heart disease, based on the results of recent randomized trials in humans. Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids retard coronary atherosclerosis and appear to prevent fatal arrhythmias; and they decrease mortality subsequent to myocardial infarction.

ISSN:0957-9672    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Although weight loss is associated with improvements in the plasma lipid profile, factors other than weight lossper seare involved. Energy restriction resulting in even modest weight loss suppresses endogenous cholesterol synthesis, which contributes to observed decline in circulating lipid concentrations. Whether individuals have stabilized weight or are still actively losing weight affects the magnitude of LDL cholesterol reduction as well as the direction of HDL cholesterol change. Hence, it is important to consider the timing of lipid measurements in the interpretation of the plasma lipid response to weight loss. Another important factor is the dietary composition of the weight loss strategy, with evidence that dietary fatty acid profile and amount can differentially influence the lipid response similar to that observed in energy balance studies. Other issues such as gender, and exercise during weight loss are also relevant. However, whether the lipid changes that are observed in the short term are sustained in the long term and whether the manner of weight loss has any impact on long-term outcomes remains to be determined.

ISSN:0957-9672    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID