ISSN:0957-9672    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Despite limitations, animal models continue to provide insight into the etiology of atherosclerosis. Hamsters, guinea‐pigs, and domesticated pigs are being used more frequently to address the biochemical bases for the effects of dietary lipids on cholesterol metabolism. Curr Opin Lipidol 9:3–6. © 1998 Rapid Science Ltd

ISSN:0957-9672    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Most reports reviewed here have used animal models to investigate the cholesterolemic effects of phytochemicals, herbal extracts, probiotic microorganisms, and plant constituents, including fibers. These compounds represent examples of what are termed ‘functional foods’ in that they elicit physiologic responses with implications for chronic disease prevention. These reports are examined in light of criteria developed from animal model experiments investigating fatty acid effects in order to aid the task of appropriate extrapolation of the results to humans. Curr Opin Lipidol 9:7–10. © 1998 Rapid Science Ltd

ISSN:0957-9672    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Low levels of alpha tocopherol have been associated with increased risk for coronary artery disease and increased intake has been shown to be protective. Data support a proatherogenic role for oxidized LDL in atherosclerosis and several studies show that alpha tocopherol decreases the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation. In addition, alpha tocopherol can partition in the artery wall in critical cells such as smooth muscle cells, monocyte‐macrophages, endothelial cells, and platelets, exerting beneficial effects. In this review, the anti‐atherogenic effects of alpha tocopherol on crucial cells in atherogenesis have been highlighted, such as the inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation, preservation of endothelial function, inhibition of monocyte‐endothelial adhesion, inhibition of monocyte reactive oxygen species and cytokine release, and inhibition of platelet adhesion and aggregation. Curr Opin Lipidol 9:11–15. © 1998 Rapid Science Ltd

ISSN:0957-9672    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Low folate intake is an important determinant of elevated blood levels of homocysteine. Because elevated homocysteine has been shown to be a possible graded risk factor for CHD, sufficient folate intake may be important in the prevention of CHD. The magnitude of the association between folate and CHD is consistent with its effects on homocysteine. Curr Opin Lipidol 9:17–22. © 1998 Rapid Science Ltd

ISSN:0957-9672    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Fat‐modified diets for children are controversial. Infant nutrition imprints adult lipid metabolism in animals, but evidence is not available for humans. Three intervention trials to reduce total fat, saturated fat and cholesterol intake in children showed small effects on lipid intakes and on serum lipids, but no adverse effects. Serum lipoproteins are associated with coronary artery raised lesions in young adults. Although modifying dietary intakes of children and adolescents appears difficult, changes sufficient to lower plasma cholesterol levels would retard the progression of atherosclerosis and would be safe. Curr Opin Lipidol 9:23–27. © 1998 Rapid Science Ltd

ISSN:0957-9672    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

School‐based, primary prevention programs can be effective in improving children’s dietary intake of fat and saturated fat and in increasing their self‐reported levels of physical activity. School environments can be modified to provide healthier food options in the school cafeteria and to increase the amount of moderate to vigorous physical activity occurring during physical education class. Curr Opin Lipidol 9:29–33. © 1998 Rapid Science Ltd

ISSN:0957-9672    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The application of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography to obesity research has changed the focus from body mass and skinfold thickness to abdominal fat mass and visceral adiposity. Intra‐abdominal fat constitutes less than 20% of total body fat but is a major determinant of fasting and postprandial lipid availability because of its physiological (lipolytic rate and insulin resistance) and anatomical (portal drainage) properties. High levels of serum free fatty acids, as a result of abdominal obesity, cause excessive tissue lipid accumulation and contribute to dyslipidaemia, beta cell dysfunction, and hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance. An individual’s risk of non‐insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease relates closely to the inheritance of central obesity and susceptibility to tissue lipotoxicity. Curr Opin Lipidol 9:35–40. © 1998 Rapid Science Ltd

ISSN:0957-9672    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The suggested link between a high intake of dietary fat and obesity has led to a proliferation on the market of reduced fat foods. The preceding year has seen the publication of more long‐term studies investigating the effects of reduced fat and fat substituted foods on energy intake, fat intake and body weight. Effects on the proportion of the diet consumed as fat are encouraging (with most studies showing a decrease towards dietary recommendations), whilst effects on energy intake and body weight remain equivocal. Curr Opin Lipidol 9:41–45. © 1998 Rapid Science Ltd

ISSN:0957-9672    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0957-9672    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID