摘要:

AbstractThe study addresses the question of the psychometric properties of Importance ratings as a measure of self‐schemata and compares it with Trait Level measures using a somewhat different methodology from that of Burke, Kraut and Dworkin (1984). Subjects rated themselves on each of ten trait scales and also rated the personal significance of each trait. Furthermore, subjects were asked to rank order acts with regard to how representative they would be for their own behaviour in particular situations. The experiment was repeated after 2 weeks. Conclusions similar to those of Burkeet al.(1984) were reached. Evidence for the discriminant validity of Importance ratings as measures of self‐schemata was weak. Furthermore, Trait Level measures predicted schema‐related behaviour better than Importance ratings. Future directions in research on self‐schemata are discussed in the light of these f

ISSN:0890-2070    

DOI:10.1002/per.2410050102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the face of uncertainty and disagreement about the meaning and measurement of theself‐monitoringconstruct, the author proposes an implicit theories approach to shed light on what self‐monitoring scales may be tapping. The first study explored people's notions of what high and low self‐monitors are like, based on the statements in the 18‐item Self‐Monitoring Scale (Gangestad and Snyder, 1985). The second study compared that measure with Lennox and Wolfe's (1984) Revised Self‐Monitoring Scale and examined defensive motivation within the scales. The third study consisted of two experiments to determine whether subjects perceived the items of Gangestad and Snyder's Self‐Monitoring Scale as reflecting a unitary latent entity or separate, contradictory variables. It was concluded that the implicit theories approach appears to be a useful complement to traditional factor analytic studies, providing new ways of looking at a personality construct, clarifying some theoretical issues, and generating hypotheses for fu

ISSN:0890-2070    

DOI:10.1002/per.2410050103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study was designed to explore the psychological characteristics of individuals who score high on a measure assessing health orientation. The measure was constructed in the framework of the cognitive orientation theory and consists of beliefs of four types (about goals, rules and norms, oneself, and general) referring to themes such as trusting people, control, and enjoyment. The subjects were 176 healthy adults (88 men, 88 women) in the age range 31‐50 (M= 39.4 years) examined in the framework of a health survey. They were administered the Cognitive Orientation of Health Questionnaire and other measures assessing emotions, authoritarianism, locus of control, daydreaming, repressiveness, neuroticism, somatic complaints, somatization, and alexithymia. The main results obtained by ANOVA and multiple regression analyses were that high‐scorers on health orientation also scored higher on love, joy, contentment, hostility, jealousy (men only), emotional reactions, positive daydreams, internal control, repressiveness, neuroticism, functional‐actional self‐descriptions, and negative selfreferences. High‐scorers on health orientation scored lower on depression, anxiety, fear, jealousy (women only), negative daydreams, poor attentional control, somatic complaints, somatization, alexithymia, positive self‐references, and self‐descriptions that capitalize on body parts, weight, and appearance. The major conclusions refer to the conception of a psychological general health orientation and its m

ISSN:0890-2070    

DOI:10.1002/per.2410050104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA previous study (Keltikangas‐Järvinen and Räikkönen, 1990a) discovered two different Type A competitors among adolescents, i.e. adjusted and maladjusted competitors. This paper examines whether the same result can be replicated in older age groups. Type A behaviour, self‐esteem, locus of control, and achievement striving were measured in 935 randomly selected young adults. Two different kinds of Type A competitor were found, i.e. aggressive and hard‐driving. Neither of these two could be called ‘adjusted’. Instead, adjusted and maladjusted forms of striving for achievement were found which adequately described the previously found adjusted and maladjusted types of competitors. The results suggest that achievement striving is a very essential dimension of Type A behaviour. However, it may play a different role in different psychologi

ISSN:0890-2070    

DOI:10.1002/per.2410050105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study investigated determinants of the internal structure of categories of directed behaviours. For the categoriesSport, Gardening, Craft, Making music, andHousekeeping, proximity to the category's central tendency and usefulness in accomplishing category‐specific goals were compared as predictors of prototypicality ratings. In a preliminary study, subjects suggested activities and goals for the five categories. In the main study, subjects estimated the prototypicality of these activities for the categories, their usefulness in attaining the category‐specific goals, and the similarity of the activities among each other. Family resemblance scores were derived from the latter ratings. It was found that family resemblance and usefulness in attaining category‐specific goals were about equally useful in predicting the actual prototypicality ra

ISSN:0890-2070    

DOI:10.1002/per.2410050106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0890-2070    

DOI:10.1002/per.2410050101

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY