摘要:

AbstractTwo studies of the Revised NEO‐Personality Inventory (NEO‐PI‐R) conducted on two different applicant samples (one consisting of 539 female subjects and the other consisting of 396 male subjects) are reported. Factor analysis of the female sample yielded a five‐factor solution, highly congruent with the factors presented by Costa, McCrae and Dye (1991). Results of the male data were less clear‐cut, yielding four to five factors which were moderately congruent with the American data. The combined male and female sample showed again high congruence coefficients. Various minor deviations in the location of the facet variables are

ISSN:0890-2070    

DOI:10.1002/per.2410080102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStudies using person‐related variables to predict the nature of coping responses have had only limited success. However, besides often using measures of unknown reliability, such studies have not recognized that consistency or variability of response may itself be dispositional. Current analyses of archival, community‐based data selected only psychometrically sound indices and segregated consistent from flexible copers. Demographic predictors were found to have considerably greater explanatory power within the consistent groups, those variables tapping informational or material resources proving particularly germane to the choice between instrumental and avoidant strategies. These results suggest that person‐related influences on coping may currently be underestimated; implications for the future study of such influences are disc

ISSN:0890-2070    

DOI:10.1002/per.2410080103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractItalian male school children, ranging in age from 7 to 10 years, were identified as at‐risk children on the basis of self‐reports, teacher questionnaires, and peer nominations assessing aggression, emotional instability, and pro‐social behaviour. Together with a normal control sample, these children participated in two studies guided by attribtional theory. In Study 1, following teacher emotional feedback of anger or sympathy for failure, attributional inferences regarding low ability or lack of effort as the cause of that failure were rated. In Study 2, controllable and uncontrollable causes of a social transgression were given, and participants rated the anticipated anger of the ‘victim’ and their intention to withhold or reveal the cause. Strong effects for both populations that were consistent with attributional predictions were reported. In addition, differences between the inferences, expectations, and behavioural intentions of the populations were found, with at‐risk children being less likely to perceive sympathy as a cue for low ability, and anticipating more anger from others following a transgression, particularly when there was a ‘good’ (i.e. uncontrollable) reason for the broken social agreement. It was contended that the results support the social‐cognitive approach to the understanding of mechanisms of

ISSN:0890-2070    

DOI:10.1002/per.2410080104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt is proposed that coping with conflictual decision‐making can be viewed as a special case of coping with uncertainty. It is further suggested that two factors determine coping with uncertainty: (1) the individuals‘ need for cognitive structure (NCS), and (2) the individuals’ ability to achieve cognitive structure (AACS). This paper demonstrates that the interaction between AACS and NCS may explain subjects' reaction to decisional conflict. The results show that high‐NCS and low‐AACS individuals experienced the greatest difficulties in their decision‐making and showed a positive correlation between the extent to which they perceived the conflict in the situation and the amount of time that they spent making the decision. In contrast, high‐AACS and high‐NCS subjects showed a negative correlation between these factors. In addition, these subjects experienced the least difficulty i

ISSN:0890-2070    

DOI:10.1002/per.2410080105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study is an extended replication of the Larsen and Seidman study (1986) on the Bem Sex‐Role Inventory (BSRI) as a measurement instrument for gender‐schematic processing. Using a Dutch sample and the GRAS (Groninger Androgyny Scale)—a Dutch sex‐role inventory—responses to this inventory were factor‐analysed separately for sex‐typed and non‐sex‐typed groups. The extremity of response style on GRAS items and the degree of self‐indicated cross‐situational variability on GRAS items were used as additional indices for gender‐schematic processing. Similar to Larsen and Seidman's (1986) study, bipolar factors were found for the sex‐typed groups and unipolar factors for the non‐sex‐typed groups. Similar to a study conducted by Bem (1981) into differences among the sex‐types in their response latencies to the attributes of the BSRI, sex‐typed subjects showed more extremity of response style on attributes of the GRAS when making schema‐consistent judgements about themselves, and showed less extremity of response style when making schema‐inconsistent judgements about themselves. The data on cross‐situational variability were less equivocal. It is concluded that the degree of gender‐schematic processing in individuals can be well

ISSN:0890-2070    

DOI:10.1002/per.2410080106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0890-2070    

DOI:10.1002/per.2410080101

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY