摘要:

AbstractCritics of personality research have asserted that consistency of personality is in the eye of the beholder and does not reflect differences between rated targets. The relative importance of perceiver and target effects is assessed with self‐ and other‐ratings on five personality tests. Three members of the same family, both parents and an adolescent, supplied self‐ratings as well as ratings of the two other members. Perceiver and target effects were assessed with analysis of variance. The correlation between ratings of the same target by different perceivers was compared with that between ratings of different targets by the same perceiver. Both types of analysis showed target effects to be more important than effects of the perceiver. The differences between the present study and those using free descriptions instead of personality tests are disc

ISSN:0890-2070    

DOI:10.1002/per.2410030102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe main points raised by Borkenau against our challenge of the 'intuitive psychometrics' view of personality judgements are discussed, in particular his example of the link between school grades and intelligence. It is argued that the semantic similarity interpretation advanced in our paper is more adequate and more parsimonious than explanations in terms of psychometric reasoning.

ISSN:0890-2070    

DOI:10.1002/per.2410030103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe articles by Angleitner and Demtroder (1988) and Smid et al. (1988) raise several important issues about the study of acts, dispositions, and personality. While the results of Angleitner and Demtroder provide a powerful demonstration of the cross‐cultural generality of the act frequency approach, several conclusions appearing in both papers require clarification: (1) multiple category membership is a complexity that occurs in the natural object domain as well as in the act‐disposition domain, (2) the differences between the subjective conditional probability approach used by Smid et al., and the act frequency approach render the conclusions drawn by Smid et al. about the act frequency approach of Buss and Craik erroneous, and (3) distinctions among basic forms of personality data (beliefs about self, beliefs held by others about the self, and act trends in everyday life) require clear separation so that the multiple goals in personality psychology are not confla

ISSN:0890-2070    

DOI:10.1002/per.2410030104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the present study, 300 subjects were administered 20 sets of four trait‐descriptive terms where aspects of content and evaluation were unconfounded (e.g. firm, severe, lenient, andlax). Each subject was also evaluated by three peers using the same sets of four trait terms. Moreover, the subjects responded to several personality inventories and rating scales, and they were also described on these rating scales by their peers. The results showed that the subjects frequently ascribed to themselves or to their peers two favourable trait terms that were descriptively inconsistent (e.g. firm, lenient). A measure of individual differences in socially desirable responding was constructed by summing all desirable responses. Subjects who described themselves in a socially desirable manner were less neurotic and more conscientious according to self‐reports as well as peer reports. Several implications of the findings are discussed, and the present SD measure is compared with several well‐known desirability s

ISSN:0890-2070    

DOI:10.1002/per.2410030105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to examine the nature of a social desirability measure under two different types of instructions for filling out personality questionnaires in an occupational selection setting. 1230 male applicants for public vehicle driving licences were administered Cattett's 16PF and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). The subjects were randomly assigned to two groups. One was given standard instructions for filling out these questionnaires; the second was given special instructions designed to reduce social desirability response bias. Social desirability was indexed by the Lie scale of the EPQ. Based on Eysenck's theorizing concerning the meaning of the Lie scale, the following hypothesis was tested: the factorial location of the Lie scale in the personality domain will differ under the two forms of instructions. It should appear separately from other personality factors under the standard instructions, whereas under the special instructions it should be subsumed under the personality factor which measures conformity. The results supported this hypothesis. The discussion focuses on the meaning of the Lie scale under conditions that elicit social desirability bias and on the role of special instructions in reducing this bias.

ISSN:0890-2070    

DOI:10.1002/per.2410030106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFrom the theory of cognitive orientation (Kreitler and Kreitler 1976, 1982) we derived that scores of cognitive orientation would predict the decision of women to go or not to go to a medical examination for cancer. We tested three alternative methods in addition to the standard method recommended by Kreitler and Kreitler. These four methods represent different assumptions which one can derive from the theory. On the basis of 25 interviews we developed the preliminary questionnaire of beliefs associated with the examination for early detection of cancer. The data of Study 1(N = 72) were used for item analysis as well as testing retest reliability and predicting decisions. In Study 2 (N = 142) the results could be replicated. The Likert‐scales for assessing the four components of cognitive orientation proved to be highly retest reliable. Predictions of decisions could be made nearly equally well by each of the four methods derived from the theory of cognitive orientatio

ISSN:0890-2070    

DOI:10.1002/per.2410030107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0890-2070    

DOI:10.1002/per.2410030108

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0890-2070    

DOI:10.1002/per.2410030109

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0890-2070    

DOI:10.1002/per.2410030110

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0890-2070    

DOI:10.1002/per.2410030101

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY