摘要:

Extensive economic development and central business district expansion generate both positive and negative public impacts; assessing those impacts is a major challenge for urban social and economic analysts. For students of urban politics and policy processes, the strategies and conflict patterns surrounding the generation and distribution of these impacts are of central interest. This paper examines exactive zoning/housing trust fund programs in San Francisco and Boston…the most far‐reaching examples of emerging policies adopted by cities to shift pan of the public costs of private economic development back to the developer. The paper suggests that two conditions must be present for exaction programs to be implemented: (1) CBD demand so high that monies can be “creamed off” for redistribution without causing developers to “exit,” and (2) the mobilization of community and neighborhood interests to counter pro‐CBD‐growth advocates. The exaction programs in both cities, though not panaceas, appear to be generating substantial fu

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1986.tb00130.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper uses the Index of Dissimilarity to measure the degree of dispersal of subsidized housing between 1970 and 1980 in three cities—Chicago, Baltimore, and St. Louis. The data show that subsidized housing has been dispersed in each of the cities, in accordance with federal housing policies of the late 1960s and 1970s. There are differences among the cities, however, in the degree of dispersal and the size of the subsidized housing inventories. The data also show that subsidized housing has been extended to predominantly white census tracts and tracts with incomes higher than the city‐wide median incomes. These white, higher‐income tracts have lower densities of subsidized housing than poorer tracts with large black popula

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1986.tb00131.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The municipal bond market is the institutional mechanism for allocating capital to cities and other tax‐exempt borrowers. A key function of this market is to provide investors and borrowers with information that allows them to gauge relative degrees of risk in bond sales, including the possibility of default. The present study examines the risk signals communicated by the municipal bond market to potential investors in five nuclear power plant proposed by the Washington Public Power Supply System (WPPSS) during 1973–1982. The behavior of WPPSS bonds is compared with other electric revenue bond issues floated during the same time period. Based on pooled regression analysis, it is concluded that the municipal bond market did not encourage least‐cost capital or energy choices in the Pacific Northwest, and it cannot be expected to forecast the full risks of megapower projects such as

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1986.tb00132.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Some observers believe that the significance of race as a factor in residential segregation has declined since passage of the Federal Fair Housing Act of 1968, which declared racial discrimination in housing illegal. Thus, the present segregation is seen as more the result of class differences than racial differences. This belief, however, can be empirically tested. The objective of this paper is to determine whether residential segregation between blacks and whites declines once socioeconomic status differences are controlled. Data for this paper were obtained from the U.S. Bureau of the Census's 1980 Summary Tape File 4. The Kansas City, Missouri SMS A is the study area. The method employed to measure residential segregation is the index of dissimilarity. Indices of dissimilarity were computed by census tracts between blacks and whites at the same level of occupation, income and education. The results suggest that race remains the most significant factor in residential segregation.

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1986.tb00133.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article examines decentralization in New York City by analyzing that city's recent experiences with community based budgeting. Specifically, using budgetary data from fiscal years 1982 through 1985, the research addresses the spatial a location of capital budget projects among New York's fifty‐nine community districts each of which is represented by a community board. Borrowing from the literature on intra‐city variations in the distribution of public services, we examine whether “success rates” in having local budget priorities accepted for inclusion in the city's capital budget are functions of the racial and/or economic characteristics of the community districts. Alternatively, borrowing from organizational theory, we address the same issue from the perspective of community boards' interorganizational relationships. The findings indicate that although each emphasis…social area and interorganizational…contributes independently to our understanding of spatial variations concerning local budget priorities, the latter is a more important factor than

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1986.tb00134.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The previous literature on unemployment often fails to distinguish various categories of the unemployed over time. This study utilizes pooled national survey data which provides a record of employment I unemployment over a five year retrospective period. The demographic characteristics of the long‐term employed (i.e., full five years) are compared to the short‐term unemployed (i.e., one year); the long‐term unemployed (i.e, at least four of five years) who return to work; and the long‐term unemployed (i.e., at least four of five years) who have not returned to work. Groups are contrasted using one‐way analysis of variance and discriminant analysis. Results indicate that age, occupational prestige and sex differentiate the employed from the unemployed as a group. Further, the long‐term unemployed who return to work can be clearly differentiated by education level from the long‐term unemployed who have not returned. The implications of these findings

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1986.tb00135.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1986.tb00136.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY