摘要:

Rather than a uniformity of affluence, many suburban areas are characterized by a diversity as great as within the core cities, and their poorest segments often exhibit conditions resembling those of the most distressed neighborhoods of the inner city. But, unlike poverty areas of the urban core, the troubled suburbs are unable under most existing arrangements to draw upon the variegated resources of the larger whole because of the fragmented nature of the metropolis.Nationally, with few exceptions, those suburbs which manifest the greatest distress are minority enclaves, products of the availability of low value housing, of income disparities and the forces of discrimination within the larger society. Because of depressed income levels and inequitable properly resource distribution, low income commmunities must have access to a broader asset base to resolve relevant problems.The article examines the forces contributing to suburban differentiation, the consequences of uneven property resource distribution, and possible alternative approaches designed to make a broader range of resources available to needy suburban communities. The point is stressed that political fragmentation has enabled affluent communities to avoid direct responsibility for the problems perpetuated by income and property resource segregation, and that with the advent of Reaganomics, local areas, with some state involvement, will need to develop cooperative efforts to offset the void left by federal disengagement.

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1982.tb00049.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study examines the ability of central cities within 61 large metropolitan areas to attract high status in‐migrants and those in their most economically productive years. The emerging literature on central city revitalization suggests that the position of cities improved between the late fifties and late sixties, a pattern generally supported by the data. However, the data indicate that large northeastern and midwestern cities improved more rapidly than either smaller cities in the same region, or their large southern and western counterparts. These data suggest a kind of evolutionary sequence and support the hypothesis that the worst may indeed be over for northern central citie

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1982.tb00050.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article examines the influence of changes in American households (i.e., the phenomenal increase in single‐parent families and one‐person households, race/ethnicity, household income, family size and structure) on the housing market. Survey research data indicate that many families with children, especially large minority and female‐headed families which are disproportionately represented among the poor, suffer severe housing problems. After discussing future housing needs in the United Slates based upon alternative Census Bureau projections of household formation, several suggestions are made for increasing the supply of inexpensive family rental housing, for reducing restrictive rental practices against families with children, and for facilitating homeownership among lower‐income f

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1982.tb00051.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The relationship between centralization of power and decision making in local communities is examined, beginning with Clark's generalization that the direction of the relationship depends on the type of decision (separable or public). This generalization accounts well for his own data and for the findings of earlier research. Selected findings from a study of responses to de facto school segregation are reanalyzed. Most are consistent with the centralization hypothesis, but anomalous findings point to issues in conceptualizing centralization. In particular, “centralized” power structures differ in terms of accountability, i.e. the degree to which they incorporate rather than exclude diverse elements. Accountable “centralization” is distinguished from unaccountable “oligarchy” and two approaches to developing this distinction more fully and concretely ar

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1982.tb00052.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

One possible solution to the fiscal problems confronting many American cities is structural reform‐changing the patterns of responsibility for delivering urban services. This research assesses the possibilities of functional realignment through transferring responsibility from city governments in metropolitan areas to county governments. Based on findings in Pima County. Arizona, we conclude that functional realignment in metropolitan areas is a consequence of political bargainin

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1982.tb00053.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The empirical investigation of urban fiscal stress could be characterized as a wealth of independent variables in search of an appropriate dependent variable. In the array of important social, economic and fiscal measures which influence urban fiscal stress, none alone appears to provide an adequate surrogate for it.Municipal bond ratings have been proffered as an appropriate dependent variable for studies of urban fiscal stress. While far from perfect, ratings have the advantages of both simplicity and their stated purpose of summarizing and reflecting the various socio‐economic and fiscal attributes which result in continued fiscal health.This paper first examines the theoretical and practical arguments in support of bond ratings as a surrogate measure of fiscal stress. We find that whether or not ratings are accepted as an adequate measure of fiscal health, they are sufficiently important to warrant further study.We then develop a model to predict bond rating changes using socioeconomic and fiscal data from time periods prior to the rating change. Based on a sample of all cities with populations over 25.000 persons which experienced a rating change between 1975 and 1980, the model is 89% accurate in predicting up and downgraded citie

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1982.tb00054.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY