摘要:

ABSTRACT:Communities find it difficult to set their agendas and act, hamstrung by fragmentation, internal division and incrementalism Yet in rapidly changing environments, localities can ill‐afford to let nature take its course. As a consequence a number of communities have turned to goal‐setting. This paper examines community goal setting as a strategy of change. Three types of goals projects are identified the American Assembly Process, Anticipatory Democracy, and Strategic Planning. In considering their strengths and weaknesses, we ask(1) Who initiates the process for what purpose? (2) What problems are encountered? and (3) Is the public interest being served? Goal‐setting, while not a replacement for government, can serve as a useful strategy to aid cities in trans

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1988.tb00492.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:This article examines the effect of various state government regulatory, oversight, and assistance programs on the level of local government borrowing for a national sample of 2,087 communities with over 10,000 persons. Both traditional debt limits and referenda requirements and other state programs regulating or assisting local government borrowing are analyzed in a model of local debt choice. State‐imposed local debt limits do appear to have a depressing effect on communities' debt levels. Of the other programs reviewed it appears that active rather than legislative state oversight and assistance activities have the greatest influence on the use of local debt. It is also concluded that future research should concentrate on the relationship between the borrowing activities of local governments and the variety of special districts that exist in metropolitan area

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1988.tb00493.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:This article examines the implementation shortcomings of Israel's Project Renewal the major social welfare and urban renewal program of the Begin governments (1977–1984). Despite a government decision to have a unified comprehensive program, the process of implementation resulted in at least three separate and independent programs. Many modern nation states, including the United States, have implemented urban renewal and social welfare policies designed to deal with spatially based social inequality. The Israeli effort shares with them the participation of several autonomous agencies. The emphasis, therefore, focuses on those factors that either facilitate or constrain the coordination of the inputs of two or more separate agencies in policy formulation and service delivery. The findings should lend themselves to a comparison of how the political institutions of different countries affect the implementation of similar policy efforts. These findings suggest that the dichotomy between unitary and federal systems explains less about the causes of shortcomings in policy implementation than do other variables Each country has its own political institutions and variables that help to explain policy implementation There is an additional lesson for public policy which this study underscores. Regardless of the formal structure of government, proposals to achieve greater coordination in the formulation and implementation of national and urban policies assume incorrectly that there is either the existing capacity or the ability to impose coordination, or that all participants wild “naturally” agree to coordinate. Reality was otherwise in the case of Project Renewal in Israel, as it was in similar programs in the United States including OEO and Model

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1988.tb00494.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Housing Desegregation and Federal Policy, edited by John M. Goering, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1986.Deindustrialization and Plant Closure, edited by P.D. Staudohar and H.E. Brown. Lexington, MA D.C. Heath, 1986.Comprehensive City Planning: Introduction and Explanation, by M.C. Branch. Washington, DC: Planners Press, American Planning Association, 1986.Urban Systems in a Dynamic Society, by L. van den Berg. Aldershot, England Gower Publishing, 1987.

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1988.tb00495.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY