摘要:

Résumé.Une série d'essais de laboratoire et en plein champ ont été effectués pour étudier le comportement du PEBG (S‐propylN‐butyl‐N‐éthylthiolcarbamate), et les possibilités de son utilisation pour le désherbage des betteraves, en comparaison d'autres herbicides.Les pertes par volatilisation du PEBC ne paraissent pas constituer un facteur important de disparition lorsque l'herbicide est appliqué sur un sol sec, sans incorporation mécanique; l'activité herbicide est même accrue après une exposition de plusieurs jours à la sèche du sol. La teneur du sol en argile et en matière organique modifient l'activité du PEBC.Dans les essais en plein champ sur betteraves sucrières, fourragères et potagères, le PEBC était pulvérisé, en pré‐semis ou en pré‐émergence, sur un sol sec, et l'herbicide était activé, après un intervalle allant de 12 h à 48 h, par une irrigation par aspersion ou par une pluie. En pré‐semis, on a comparé au Iraitement non incorporé, l'incorporation super‐ficielle par roulage et l'incorporation profonde par disquage; l'activité herbicide du PEBC était significativement inférieure quand on incorporait profondément. Dans deux essais de pré‐émergence, l'incorporation par roulage a été comparée à un traitement non incorporé; l'efficacité sur les mauvaises herbes sensibles au PEBC était un peu ineilleure quand la pulvérisation était suivie d'un roulage.L'action du PEBC était très bonne contre les graminées annuelles et assez bonne contreAmaranthusspp. etPortulaca oleracea, qui constituent la majorité des advent ices infestant les champs de betteraves en Israël. Les crucifères étaient assez tolérantes et les adventices pérennes étaient résistantes. Les betteraves sucrières, fourragères et potagères ont toléré des doses de PEBC capables de réaliser un désherbage satisfaisant. L'activité du traitement a persisté durant 1 à 2 mois.Dans les conditions sptéifiques de la culture betteravière en Israël, l'application du PEBC avant la levée, suivie éventuellement par un roulage, constitue done un traitement herbicide intéressant.Studies on the

ISSN:0043-1737    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1966.tb00863.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.A rapid bioassay for PEBC (S‐propyl‐N‐butyl‐N‐ethylthiolcarbamate) has been developed, based on the measurement of shoot elongation of oat seedlings in Petri dishes in a nearly vertical position. Results are obtained after 48 hr.The bioassay was used to study the relationship between soil moisture and volatilization and adsorption of PEBC. When PEBC was applied to air‐dry soil, no appreciable loss of activity occurred even after 36 days of exposure to a continuous air‐flow. The residual activity of PEBC applied to soils of various moisture contents appears to be related to the initial moisture level. A substantial amount of the compound was adsorbed by air‐dry soil after an exposure of 24 hr to vapours of PEBC. The amount of PEBC adsorbed from the vapour phase after 24 or 72 hr appears also to be related to the moisture content of the soil.Un essai biologique rapide pour U PEBC et son utilisation dans l'étude dt la volatilisation et de l'adio

ISSN:0043-1737    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1966.tb00864.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Absorption and translocation of14C‐labelled herbicides applied in culture solutions lo the roots and in concentrated drops to mature leaves of ‘Thompson Seedless’ (Sultanina) cuttings were studied. Neither 2,4‐D nor paraquat, and only traces of 2,4,5‐T translocated from the roots to the shoot. Dicamba, amitrole, diuron, monuron, simazine and atrazine readily moved from the roots to the shoots. The substituted ureas ands‐triazines were mobile only in the xylem or cell walls (apoplast), while dicamba and amitrole were mobile in the apoplast and symplast (living protoplasm). Both 2,4‐D and 2,4,5‐T moved almost entirely in the symplast. Paraquat moved only slightly in either apoplast or symplast. Stability of the herbicides in the plants varied, as judged by the detection of label in ethanol‐insoluble products. Dicamba was considerably more stable than 2,4,5‐T which, in turn, was more stable than 2,4‐D. Diuron was more stable than either atrazine or simazine. Amitrole largely was converted into ethanol‐insoluble products in 30 days. Paraquat was not extractable with ethanol.Absorption et migration d'herbicides chez une vigne: Thompson Seedless (Sulta

ISSN:0043-1737    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1966.tb00865.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Weed control experiments carried out in tea plantations showed that diuron at doses 2·4, 3·2 and 4·8 lb/ac a.i. resulted in better and more persistent weed control than siamazine.Shoot absorption experiments carried out on three tea jats, dark, medium and light, showed that the tea jats differed in their tolerance to both diuron and simazine, the light one being the most susceptible.A difference IN the expression of phytotoxic effects between leaf and root absorption was observed for diuron only. At equivalent doses, 2‐year‐old plants were in general more susceptible to diuron than to simazine.Diuron and simazine used alone at 2·4, 3·2 and 4·8 lb/ac a.i. or with addition of sodium chlorate at 6 lb/ac to improve the kill of emerged weeds, did not affect yield of either pruned unpruned 6‐year‐oId tea. Dalapon, on the other hand, at 6 lb/ac significantly reduced the yield of unpruned tea but not of pruned lea.Le désherbage chimique du th

ISSN:0043-1737    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1966.tb00866.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The adsorption of diquat cation was found to be 0.3, 2.0–2.5 and 80–100 mg/g on a sandy loam soil, Grade Hydrite 10 Georgia kaolinite and National Standard Bentonite, respectively. Bentonite (113 lb/surface ac) applied to plastic pools previously treated with 1 ppm paraquat reduced the concentration of paraquat to less than 0–05 ppm within 24 hr of application. Only bentonite appeared to hold either diquat or paraquat in a form unavailable to wheat. Appreciable uptake by wheat from soil treated with diquat or paraquat (16 lb/ac pre‐emergence) occurred only in soil or sand in which the herbicide leached below the 05 in. zone. A 12 hr dark period following foliage application did not appear to enhance movement of either herbicide in wheat. Loss of radioactivity was observed when diquat or paraquat was exposed to ultraviolet light (2537 Å).Facteurs agissant sur la persistence et l'inactivation du diquat et du

ISSN:0043-1737    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1966.tb00867.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Survival of wild oat seeds (mainlyAvena fatua) under leys on clay soils was investigated in two field experiments. During the first year under ley the number of seeds decreased by 41 % and 86% respectively. Subsequent decreases were less, and after 5 years under ley there were still enough of the original seeds left to produce infestation of a cereal crop. These results suggest that a long ley is not an efficient way of eliminating wild oat seeds from soil, and that a 1‐year ley may be almost as effective as one of 5 years.When a ley was ploughed, the number of wild oats germinating decreased as the number of years under ley and the age of the seeds increased, but was scarcely affected by the weather. In contrast, charlock (Sinapis arvensis) germination did not decrease with increasing age of seeds up to 5 years, but was greatest in years with most rain during April and May.Survivance de semences de Folle Avoine (Avena fatuaL. etA. ludovieiana Dur.) et de Moutarde des champs (Sinapis arvensis L.) dans le sol sous prairie temporai

ISSN:0043-1737    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1966.tb00868.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0043-1737    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1966.tb00869.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0043-1737    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1966.tb00870.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0043-1737    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1966.tb00871.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY