摘要:

Summary.Four α‐hydroxy‐β,β,β‐trichloroethylamino‐1,2,4‐triazoles were prepared by the reaction of chloral hydrate with the corresponding aminotriazole and tested for herbicidal activity.The introduction of the α‐hydroxy‐β,β,β‐trichloroethyl group into the aminotriazole molecule increased the activity of the parent compound. The increase in activity was slight with the highly active 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole but was more marked with amino 1,2,4‐triazoles of low activity. The symptoms resembled those of the simultaneous action of 3‐amino‐l,2,4‐triazole with ch

ISSN:0043-1737    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1968.tb01395.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.In loamy soil with a low humus content (0·8% organic carbon) simazine at a concentration of 2′5 ppm reduced growth of shoots, roots and trunk diameter in 1‐year‐old scions of five apple varieties on M IX rootstock. The most susceptible was Cox's Orange Pippin; 5 ppm was lethal for this variety only. In experiments with vertically divided pots, where one part of the root system developed in soil with simazine (2–5 ppm and 5–0 ppm for apple and 5·0 ppm for plum) and the other part in simazine‐free soil, there was less effect on shoot growth and less leaf damage than where all the soil contained simazine. Growth of that part of the root system in soil containing simazine w

ISSN:0043-1737    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1968.tb01396.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The ‘Vibrajet’ nozzle is designed to produce relatively large droplets with ‘low drift’ characteristics. This system was evaluated for the overall application of paraquat, diquat and morfamquat in a number of agricultural situations in comparison with a fan jet. The biological efficiency achieved with the ‘Vibrajet’ nozzle was of the same order as that of the fan jet at the rates of application of the herbicides currently recommended in the United Kingdom. Five variables which affect the field performance of a spray system were investigated: volume of spray applied, concentration of wetter in the spray, rate of chemical applied, spray pressure and size of orifice. Changes in these factors made little improvement to the biological efficiency of the ‘Vibrajet’ nozzle.Comparaisnn de la buse ‘Vibrajet’ et d'une bitse pinccau pom Vapplication generalisee des herbi

ISSN:0043-1737    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1968.tb01397.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.When paraquat was added to four different soils, nitrification was not appreciably affected but ammonification of soil organic‐matter nitrogen was slightly retarded. Carbon dioxide evolution as well as oxygen consumption was used as an index of metabolic activity of soil micro‐organisms and paraquat had a stimulatory effect at higher concentrations. Oxidation of added sulphur was slightly depressed. Paraquat decreased both the total mould and bacterial populations in Chehalis silt loam. After 30 days incubation the percentagesof StreptomycesandPenicilliawere markedly increased by most treatments but were little affected in Chehalis silt clay and Woodburn soils. Except for the temporary suppression of nitrification, paraquat had no significant influence on general microbial activities of importance to soil fertility. Some bimodal effects or toxicity inversions were observed with intermediate concentrations.Effet du paraquat sur les activités microbiennes dans les

ISSN:0043-1737    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1968.tb01398.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine if paraquat had any effect on soil micro‐organisms and consequently on soil fertility.Numbers of bacteria and moulds tended to increase with incubation time as residual paraquat decreased. Lag periods of 1–5 days were observed in the development of soil microflora and concomitant degradation of paraquat. Under controlled culture conditions,Aerobacter aerogenes, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Pseudomonas fluorescensandBacillus cereuswere able to utilize paraquat as sole carbon and nitrogen sources in synthetic media.Paraquat at 0–25, 0–5, 2–5 and 25 ppm cation was added to four different soils to study changes in microbial activities concomitant with decreases in herbicide concentration. Analytical recoveries were correlated inversely with clay mineral content, cation‐exchange capacity and organic matter.Mineralization of peptone nitrogen by amnnonification and nitrification was stimulated by 0–25 ppm; higher rates up to 25 ppm had little influence. A bimodal effect or growth inversion was observed in several instances, with increased microbial development at intermediate concentrations. Paraquat at recommended field rates appeared to have no appreciable influence on general microbial activities of importance to soil fertility.Interaction entre U paraquat et les microbes

ISSN:0043-1737    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1968.tb01399.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.4‐Aniino‐3,5,6‐trichloropicolinic acid was incubated at 70° F in thirteen different soils for periods of up to 2 years at a concentration range of 0–023–24 ppm. Losses varied from complete to non‐measurable by the bioassay technique employed. The percentage decomposed was generally greater for lower initial concentrations. The results were mathematically analysed in terms of zero‐order, half‐order, first‐order and Michaclis‐Menten kinetics. Half‐order and Mirhaelis‐Menten were found to be the kinetic expressions that most satisfactorily described the detoxification of the herbicide in soil.Taux de deloxification de l'acide 4‐amino‐3,5,6‐t

ISSN:0043-1737    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1968.tb01400.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0043-1737    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1968.tb01401.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0043-1737    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1968.tb01402.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0043-1737    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1968.tb01403.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0043-1737    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1968.tb01404.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY