ISSN:0279-1072    

DOI:10.1080/02791072.1996.10471709

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractRecent prevalence studies in California indicate that perinatal alcohol and other drug use remains a serious issue for large numbers of women and their children. In response, national, state and local policymakers have taken steps to address the problem, including increasing funding for treatment services. To gauge the impact of policy attention to this problem, the Center for the Vulnerable Child at Children's Hospital, Oakland, California, surveyed state and local administrators of programs that serve drug-affected women and children in California. Information collected included the scope of program services, indicators of access, and sources of program funding. Surveyed programs were funded through federal, state, county, and foundation sources. Despite new policy and funding initiatives to serve this population, the study found wide gaps between the kinds of services that are believed to be appropriate for drug-affected women and children and the service system that currently exists. Problems in access to care included long waiting times, exclusion of women from programs based on their pregnancy or parenting status, and exclusion of drug-exposed children from programs with medically based eligihility criteria. Program funding sources appeared to impede access, as traditional federal, state, and county funding sources do not support programs that are comprehensive, family-centered, and easily accessible to these women and children. Analysis of the study data suggests that policymakers consider new approaches to promote access to care for these under served women and children, particularly now as Congress and the states redesign health and social service funding mechanisms and delivery systems.

ISSN:0279-1072    

DOI:10.1080/02791072.1996.10471710

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractHomeless women in the United States comprise a subpopulation at high risk for substance abuse, with rates of substance use disorder ranging from 16% to 67%. Despite the need for treatment that such high rates imply, relatively few substance-abusing homeless women avail them selves of formal treatment. The fact that they lend not to utilize formal treatment services is especially problematic among homeless women of reproductive age, who are not only themselves at risk of health-related problems but who place their fetuses and children in danger of multiple negative consequences. The imbalance between treatment need and treatment access suggests that homeless. substance-abusing women are facing severe barriers to care. Although identifying barriers to their treatment access is crucial if this imbalance is to be remedied, very little empirical research has been done in this area. This article presents an overview of current knowledge about barriers to substance abuse treatment for women generally and for homeless women specifically, and proposes a comprehensive empirical strategy for redressing the lack of information on homeless women's access to substance abuse treatment.

ISSN:0279-1072    

DOI:10.1080/02791072.1996.10471711

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractIn recent years imprisonment has been used increasingly for a wide range of nonviolent and petty offenses committed by women. Among incarcerated women, particularly those who are pregnant or parenting, substance use and its deleterious consequences are often exacerbated by imprisonment. Women who have been identificd as chemical by dependent are also at high risk for losing custody of their children. In California, the Options for Recovery (OFR) treatment program provided an alternative to incarceration or relinquishment of custody of children for chemically dependent pregnant and parenting women. This three-year pilot project offered alcohol and other drug abuse treatment and case management to these women, and included special training and recruitment of foster parents for their children. Findings from a three-year, multimethod evaluation study showed that women who were mandated to OFR treatment programs were more likely to successfully complete treatment than women who had enrolled in OFR voluntarily. An economic analysis of the costs associated with women in OFR compared with the combined costs of incarceration and alcohol and other drug ahuse treatment produced a ratio in favor of OFR. Addi tionally, some innovative service alternatives for women mandated to treatment were developed during the project. The impact of such changes have implications for improving women's and family health.

ISSN:0279-1072    

DOI:10.1080/02791072.1996.10471712

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractWith the advent of specialized programs for addicted women and their children, some of the traditional methods used by therapeutic communities have been undergoing significant changes. This article examines the issues that are important for treatment providers to consider as they move from individual client and community orientation to a mother-child/family-centered and community approach. The major adaptations suggested are divided into three categories: structural design issues, including living arrangemcnts and models of childcare; treatment issues, including acting-out behavior by the children; and staff and training issues, including staff composition.

ISSN:0279-1072    

DOI:10.1080/02791072.1996.10471713

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractRecent research has indicated that a relationship exists between nicotine addiction and the abuse of other substances. This relationship, as well as the severe impact of nicotine addiction on the health of women, their children, and the developing fetus, provides the basis of a rationale for developing chemical dependency programs for women where smoking is not allowed. Involuntary smoking cessation (ISC) programs have been tried recently in mixed-gender and male-only programs, and have met with strong resistance from clients. In most published reports this resistance was strong enough to force the programs to eliminate the ISC policy. This article describes the development of an ISC program at a residential substance abuse treatment center for pregnant and postpartum women and their children. It traces the evolution of tactics to defuse resistance and enlist client support for the program. The development of techniques to measure the effectiveness of the program are also presented. Preliminary results indicate that a properly designed program can be instituted at a residential treatment center for women without excessive program disruption and with positive results.

ISSN:0279-1072    

DOI:10.1080/02791072.1996.10471714

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis prospective study examined family characteristics of perinatal substance abusers enrolled in an intensive outpatient treatment program both during and after treatment. Data is provided on family functioning in three areas: current family, family of origin, and love/partner relationship, and at six time points up to 24 months postdischarge. Standard family assessment measures, including the Self-Report Family Inventory (SFI) and Family-of-Origin Scale (FOS) were utilized to measure current family functioning and family of origin health, respectively. A new instrument, the Relationship Assessment Form (RAF), was used to measure the level of unhealthy, codependent behaviors in the subject's love/partner relationship. A mixed models repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine if subjects' family functioning changed over time. Multivariate and univariate methods examined differences between the subjects in the current study and previously reported means for the SFI and FOS. Results were that perinatal substance abusers' perception of the overall health of their families of origin remained stable over time. Subjects rated their families of origin as more pathological than community adults, but similarly to adults presenting for psychotherapy. Although current family functioning was relatively stable, SFI scores that changed worsened over time after treatment, Perinatal substance abusers scored more pathologically at intake than normal, nonclinic families, but were similar to families presenting for family therapy on the SFI. In contrast, enduring changes of greater magnitude occurred in the subjects' self-reported codependent behavior over time. All RAF scores that changed moved in the direction of healthier, more autonomous functioning. Change and stability in aspects of family functioning may be due to specific factors of the treatment program, which are discussed. Standard family measures may need further refinement for use in this population. Recommendations for clinical programs and future research are provided.

ISSN:0279-1072    

DOI:10.1080/02791072.1996.10471715

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractOlivia's House represents the development and implementation of an innovative substance abuse treatment program for drug-dependant, primarily African-American women with children. This article discusses the prevalence of problems related to women and drug abuse; describes the philosophy and continuum of care of Olivia's House; delineates the program, process, outcome, dissem ination, and training components of the evaluation protocol; presents preliminary evaluation findings as they relate to the overall goals of Olivia's House; and points out the obstacles to the evaluation of a residential drug abuse treatment program for women and children. This article is targeted to substance abuse service providers and evaluators challenged with the effective delivery and accountability of meaningful treatment services to persons with substance use disorders.

ISSN:0279-1072    

DOI:10.1080/02791072.1996.10471716

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractWomen parallel men in their profile of physical disease, psychosocial configuration, addictive patterns, and criminal deviance. For women offenders in particular, the prison environment reinforces a victim role that originated in childhood and adolescence. In addition, such settings discourage both emotional expression (exce pt for aggression) and responsibility, since basic needs such as food, lodging, and clothing are provided. Incarcerated women have significant treatment issues, including the lack of social and vocational role definition. psychological depeodence and psychic craving, poorly developed social skills, and conflicts in social, family, and intimate relationships. This article describes the unique psychoeducational and skills-training needs of women offenders as they adjust to community living, and outlines specific treatment interventions that have proven to effect successful patient outcomes. Case studies are used to illustrate the reentry experiences of three women of fenders with distinct back grounds. One example illustrates how a woman who had been involved in the criminal justice system for 24 years overcame her addiction and self-confidence issues. A second case study profiles an offender with three children who had experienced sexual trauma during her childhood and adult years. A third case reports on an African-American woman whose crack-cocaine addiction resulted in the birth of a drug-exposed son. The treatment model tested in all three cases emphasized the practical and often overlooked treatment issues of incarcerated women.

ISSN:0279-1072    

DOI:10.1080/02791072.1996.10471717

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractFindings from a prospective, longitudinal study of 182 women and 148 men in outpatient drug abuse treatment programs indicate that women are significantly more likely than men to experience sexual and physical abuse. Sexual and physical abuse are associated with higher levels of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology. Moreover, women are more likely than men to possess an array of psychological factors that predict relapse to drug use after treatment, including low self-esteem, depression, anxiety, and suicidal behavior, among others. But contrary to expectation, PTSD is not associated with relapse to drug use, nor are women more likely than men to relapse within a six-month posttreatment interval. Further analysis indicates that while women have more psychological risk factors associated with relapse, they are also more likely than men to engage in the treatment process. Engagement in treatment, notably frequent participation in group counseling, appears to mitigate the higher risk of relapse for women.

ISSN:0279-1072    

DOI:10.1080/02791072.1996.10471718

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor