摘要:

AbstractConventional disease-based inpatient alcoholism treatment is under attack in the United States and internationally because it accomplishes little beyond simple counseling and is less effective than other life-skill-oriented therapies. Nonetheless, disease-model adherents retain a stranglehold on American alcoholism treatment and attack all“nontraditionalists”who question their approaches. One such attack by Wallace (1989) is discussed. In addition, Wallace's claim that his treatment program at Edgehill Newport as well as other private treatment centers have remission ratesten timesas high as those found for typical hospital treatments is examined critically. Finally, the group of researchers who question at least some elements of the standard wisdom about alcoholism and addiction is found to include nearly every major research figure in the field.

ISSN:0279-1072    

DOI:10.1080/02791072.1990.10472192

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractSince the end of the nineteenth century, various attitudes toward alcoholism—from moralistic and legalistic to those rooted in medicine and psychology—have been adopted. Some of these have persisted and continue to influence the treatment programs available to alcoholics. One of the most popular explanatory models today is the traditional model, which prescribes abstinence as a treatment objective. However, more and more studies are showing that controlled drinking can be a viable alternative for many alcoholics. The aim of the present study is to determine the type of treatment goal preferred by alcoholism rehabilitation centers in the province of Quebec. As of March 31, 1987, the general directors of 78 of the 81 rehabilitation centers operating in Quebec were contacted and interviewed. The data most relevant to the present study came from the response to the following question:“Is a treatment goal other than complete abstinence acceptable for every client who registers in your program to resolve a problem of alcoholism?”The results indicate that most centers will not allow their clients to work toward any goal other than abstinence.

ISSN:0279-1072    

DOI:10.1080/02791072.1990.10472193

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractMany recent studies have clearly documented the development of tolerance, dependence, and addiction to benzodiazepines. In spite of these studies and reviews of the literature, confusion remains regarding the risk and benefits of the use of benzodiazepines in medical practice. The source of the confusion arises in part from the lack of clarity in the definitions of tolerance, dependence, and addiction. The distinctions among these important, terms are frequently obscured in research studies and, especially, in clinical practice. In addition, the practice of separating medical from nonmedical populations in reports of benzodiazepine dependence is misleading. The overlap between medical and nonmedical benzodiazepine users is large, so that many of these individuals fall into both categories. These and other points should be considered as serious questions to the safety and freedom from dependence and addiction in any drug-using population.

ISSN:0279-1072    

DOI:10.1080/02791072.1990.10472194

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractInsomnia is a problem that extends beyond the nighttime. People who experience sleep disturbances complain that they stay awake for a long time before they fall asleep. They may wake up several times during the night and cannot return to sleep and/or they wake up early in the morning. As a result, they feel sleepy during the day and are less alert. Various forms of insomnia are described that require—as much as possible—an individualized treatment approach. Besides sleeping hygiene, benzodiazepines certainly occupy a place in thetreatment of insomnia. Triazolam, a triazclobenzodiazepine, closely approaches the characteristics of an ideal hypnotic: pharmacological activity at the level of the receptors, moderate absorption, short-acting, and rapid elimination. It is effective and safe if prescribed correctly and at the appropriate dosage.

ISSN:0279-1072    

DOI:10.1080/02791072.1990.10472195

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe association of flushing (vasodilation, reddening of the skin) with the alcohol use of Asians and Asian-Americans is examined. Historical changes in alcohol use, recent secular changes in alcohol use, and marked differences in consumption among Asian populations and among Asian-Americans of the same national origins, as well as the lack of reduction of sex differences among flushers, indicate that flushing has little influence on alcohol consumption. Social, psychological, and cultural influences seem to be more adequate explanatory devices with regard to Oriental alcohol use.

ISSN:0279-1072    

DOI:10.1080/02791072.1990.10472196

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractAn examination of the origins of the laws prohibiting the use of opiates in the United States is provided. The primary focus is on how the development of these laws influenced a marked shift in the perception of opiates. Historically, opium and its derivatives have been perceived as efficacious medicines. However, during the past two centuries this perception has shifted to the point that contemporarily the opiates are commonly thought of as a social menace. This perception now outweighs the efficacious medicine perception to a substantial degree. A historical analysis indicates that this shift occurred not so much because the hazardous potential for addiction and overdose was discovered, nor because recreational use became widespread; rather, this shift was greatly influenced by underlying national economic conditions and concerns.

ISSN:0279-1072    

DOI:10.1080/02791072.1990.10472197

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis analysis is based on a follow-up study of 48 White male young adults who had been former youth multiple drug abuse patients in day-care treatment. For the most part, these respondents came from middle-class homes. As youthful offenders, many had been sent into treatment as an alternative to incarceration. Approximately six years after terminating their day-care treatments, interview data were collected when most were in their middle twenties. Consistent with previous research, those consuming more drugs were found to be more likely to have resisted treatment, to have trouble with the law, to have poorer work histories and diminished educational attainments, and they showed evidence of poorer psychological health. Surprisingly, the data also indicated that high-volume drug users were more likely to be living in their parental homes, compared to those whose drug use patterns were more moderate. It is suggested that the pattern of taking up residence with one's parents while drug dependent may be encouraged by parental enabling. The implications of these findings for guiding efforts in substance abuse treatment are discussed.

ISSN:0279-1072    

DOI:10.1080/02791072.1990.10472198

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0279-1072    

DOI:10.1080/02791072.1990.10472199

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0279-1072    

DOI:10.1080/02791072.1990.10472200

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0279-1072    

DOI:10.1080/02791072.1990.10472201

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor