ISSN:0031-5826    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1957.tb00760.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryWhen an expensive piece of factory machinery fails to do its job efficiently, no time is lost sending a crew of mechanics to repair it as quickly as possible. When a machine breaks down repeatedly, it is usually discarded, with a resultant loss to the plant of perhaps tens of thousands of dollars in investment, spoilage of raw material and time lost. When amanin a responsible position fails to do his job efficiently, no crew of mechanics can rush to the scene, repair kits in hand, to restore his efficiency. When his failures continue over a period of time, the man, too, like the machine, must be discarded with a resultant loss to the plant of perhaps tens of thousands of dollars invested in his training for the responsibility of an executive position. No wonder industry today is gravely concerned over the failure of men who have been placed in management positions and whose failure, after a period of time, has cost the company heavily.At the beginning of this study, questionnaires were sent to 300 major executives in American industry asking each executive to consider one man whom he had appointed to a management position and who had failed in that position.The items in the questionnaire were roughly grouped into two categories. Results of analysis of the responses indicated that “personality factors” were more important as causes of executive failures, in comparison to “knowledge lacks,” in ratios of two to one in terms of frequency of checked items as well as in terms of weighted ranks; and in ratio of eleven to one when the respondents were asked directly which was more important.In general, the findings are similar to earlier studies of the causes of failure of lower level employees—clerical, and semi‐skil

ISSN:0031-5826    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1957.tb00761.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0031-5826    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1957.tb00762.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryPersonalhistory data, validated in a previous study, were used to predict the success or failure of men engaged in promotional activities. The subjects (N = 116), were classed in three groups by their superiors. The first group was considered successful, the second group was made up of average men and the third group consisted of failures.Two triserial correlations were computed between scores based on the personal history items and the three groups. These correlations (0.32 and 0.23) were significant at the 1% and 5% levels of confidence.

ISSN:0031-5826    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1957.tb00763.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryOnTHE basis of the responses of 60 firms to a 22 item checklist, a “centralized‐decentralized” scoring procedure was developed. Thirty‐four of the firms supplied additional data on labor turnover, absenteeism, accidents, grievances, etc. One tailed “t” tests failed to reveal any significant differences between companies classified as “centralized” and those classified as

ISSN:0031-5826    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1957.tb00764.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAccidentseverity and frequency were correlated with each of 75 other variables in 147 factories in the automotive and machine shop industry, as listed in the membership rolls of the Automotive and Machine Shop Section of the National Safety Council.1. Accident frequency is associated with seasonal layoffs rate, poor attitude of co‐workers toward high producers, small plants, easy access to prostitutes, other plants about, frequent handling of heavy materials, blighted living conditions, and garnisheed wages.2. Accident severity is associated with non‐equalitarian eating, national union strength, no stated penalty for tardiness, no employee profit‐sharing plan, extreme workplace peratures, and “dirty‐sweaty” work.3. Many of these significant correlates seem to show in common the operation of persistent threat to, or undermining of, the status or comfort of the individual as an individual (seasonal layoffs, rivalry‐hostility among ability‐unmatched workers, extreme social distance in eating practices, dominance of the national organization in collective bargaining, no incentive of sharing in profits, heavy and dirty work). The loss of, or threat to, individuality may produce preoccupation which in turn is unsafe behavior.4. Another group of correlates of unsafe behavior relate to morality and urban sociology (prostitution, congestion, and, frequently, ugliness of other plants about, ugliness and bad living conditions of blighted neighborhoods, garnisheed wages). The mechanics of these associations are unclear but may in‐ volve excessive loading of guilt feelings, excessive instability of human, especially family, relationships, and related preoccupying frustrations.Some of these relations probably bear a causal significance for accidents whereas for others the apparent relationship merely artifactual of some more underlying cause. Many these relationships are here investigated for the first time, it is hoped that confirmatory studies by other researche

ISSN:0031-5826    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1957.tb00765.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0031-5826    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1957.tb00766.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0031-5826    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1957.tb00767.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA GROUP situational performance test is defined as a test measuring the performance of an ongoing group as a unit. This article summarizes some of the extensive research conducted on this type of test in military organizations. Group situational tests can be used in many ways: (1) as training devices, (2) to establish leadership criteria, (3) to determine training requirements, (4) to evaluate training and work procedures, and (5) to evaluate organizational structures. Problems connected with the construction, administration and scoring of these tests are discussed and some of the possibilities of the use of group situational performance tests in industrial situations are indicated.

ISSN:0031-5826    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1957.tb00768.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0031-5826    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1957.tb00769.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY