摘要:

AbstractIn contrast to earlier studies, recent research on socioeconomic and ecological factors affecting farm decision making suggests that, at the microlevel, farm size is inversely related to specialization and directly related to diversification decisions but empirical tests have been limited. Using a social behavioral, farming systems perspective, we examine factors affecting diversification and specialization decisions, including land tenure, off‐farm work, and education (which are crucial to successful management) and environmental variation (which affects the decision to select appropriate enterprises). Data from a random sample of Kentucky farmers were used to test the model.Diversification, whether defined according to crops or commodities, is significantly related to farm size, human capital, and regional variation in land and soil types. The study clarifies the relationship between diversification and farm size issues and broadens understanding of farm diversification decisions. The findings indicate that increased farm size and better farm management reduce the rate of increase in farm specializatio

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1990.tb00670.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe decisions of farm wives to work off the farm and the earnings they make in that off‐farm employment should be considered simultaneously. Previous studies of wives' off‐farm earnings have included only employed wives in their analyses of the factors affecting earnings, which results in biased estimates. This study tests, via Tobit analysis, a model which includes all farm wives and examines the effects of wives' human capital, farm and family constraints, and labor market characteristics on both their off‐farm employment decisions and their earnings. Wives' off‐farm earnings are found to be related to wives' education, labor market experience, presence of children, other family income, farm size, and debt/income ratio. Changes in these factors have a greater influence on the labor market participation decisions of farm wives than on the variation in their earnings, once e

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1990.tb00671.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe results of a 1986 survey of 185 biotechnology faculty in the land‐grant colleges of agriculture are presented. Comparisons are made to a previous survey of biotechnology faculty in nonagricultural research universities. The survey investigates issues raised by industrial involvement in university biotechnology research and the impact of the new biosciences on the agricultural colleges. It was found that college of agriculture biotechnologists have more recently received their highest degrees, show more industrial involvement, and are more positive about the possible benefits of that involvement than their nonagricultural university counterparts. Industrial funding proved to be a significant exogenous variable affecting the activities and attitudes of agricultural college biotechnology faculty. Those with higher levels of industrial funding appear to have lower university productivit

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1990.tb00672.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe recent farm financial crisis has resulted in a rapid and dramatic economic decline for many farmers. Although researchers have long observed that economic crisis and vulnerability contribute to social‐psychological depression, few studies have examined the links between farm restructuring and the depression process. We address this issue using a sample of 503 Ohio farmers from 1987. We hypothesize 1) that sociodemographic and farm structural characteristics are related to economic vulnerability, 2) that economic vulnerability is related to feelings of economic hardship and perceived stress, and 3) that these, in turn, are related to depression. The findings generally support the hypotheses and help clarify the depression process: beyond economic vulnerability, a negative cognitive appraisal of one's situation and ineffective coping mechanisms are related to more severe depressio

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1990.tb00673.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUsing 3,130 U.S. counties or county equivalents, this paper provides a test of the impact of rural population on the violent crime of homicide, while controlling for the effects of other correlates. The results indicate that the traditional bond of group cohesion assumed to be associated with the rural environment and its residents continues to have an inhibiting effect on homicide for counties in the United States.

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1990.tb00674.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe content analysis by Falk and Zhao (1989) of theoretical orientations shown inRural Sociologyarticles during the span 1976–1985 is critically evaluated as to its methodological adequacy and substantive conclusions. The former is shown as suspect and, therefore, the latter become moot. Discussion is particularly focused on the elaboration by Falk and Zhao on the wisdom of the metatheoretical underpinnings of the field in the decade explored. While they are less critical in judgment of rural sociology's performance than was the earlier study being “replicated” (Picou et al. 1978a), the assertion made by Falk and Zhao is still fundamentally misdirected. Until rural sociology faces the issue of data quality, its improvements in “theory” activity will not be su

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1990.tb00675.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFalk and Zhao (1989) have recently suggested that increased theoretical diversity characterizes the last decade of published research inRural Sociology. We suggest that this claim is premature, given paradigmatic trends in the larger discipline of sociology. From a reanalysis of data sources and the use of an analytical framework based on the partial paradigm concept, we conclude that rural sociology is attempting to further integrate theory, methodology, and image of the subject matter within a positivistic partial paradigm framework. We further suggest that rural sociologists continue their pursuit of a reflexive understanding of the practice of social science as an integral part of their research agenda.

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1990.tb00676.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1990.tb00677.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY