摘要:

AbstractThree types of agricultural, or sustainability, policy are introduced. One deals with the interests of society, another with the agricultural sector, and the third with rural people and places. Each type serves different purposes, interest groups, and issues. Yet, they share some common ground. Because social, agricultural, and rural objectives are interdependent, we need all three policy types if any is to be effective in a highly specialized society. Agricultural policy often substitutes for rural policy, but this is inadequate. Factors shaping the rural policy context include regionality, the large rural population, the rural situation, lack of rural human resource development, technological displacement, and legislation. The environment, economic change, physical infrastructure, social services, jobs, and the role of land grant universities are issues to be considered in rural policy.

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1993.tb00480.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA resurgence of informal economic work, such as home‐working, occurred in some rural areas during the 1970s and the 1980s. In two midwestern communities, an employer of industrial homeworkers was recruited in an effort to boost the local economy with new jobs. In these communities, ideas about women's roles in households and the labor market are crucial to the states' ability to couple industrial homeworking with rural community development. Industrial homeworking as development in the United States shows how development goals support and maintain the sexual division of labor in households and in the local labor market. Personal interviews and archival documents form the basis of the case study data. These data are content‐analyzed for themes about the process of development and the relationship of the local states and industrial fi

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1993.tb00481.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractColeman's (1988) theory of family social capital provides a conceptual framework for assessing the relationship between several dimensions of family structure and school dropout rates among nonmetro‐politan youth. This paper evaluates the extent to which higher rural than urban dropout rates are attributable to spatial differences in family structure (e.g., living arrangements, family size, and early childbearing) or economic resources (e.g., poverty) and estimates the differential effects of family structure and poverty on school dropout rates in nonmetropolitan areas, suburbs, and central cities. Data are drawn from the March 1990 Current Population Survey. Results indicate that residential differences in family structure account for a relatively small part of the higher dropout rates found in rural areas. Rural youth's experience with poverty appears to matter more. The educational effects of family structure are nevertheless strong in rural areas, albeit somewhat smaller than in suburban areas, owing perhaps to compensating forms of social capital found in rural areas. The results suggest that studies of dropout behavior—in rural or urban areas—must acknowledge the potentially large role of family structure and economic resources on the educational achievement pr

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1993.tb00482.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of rural‐to‐urban migration on the poverty status of migrants have not been adequately explored. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to examine poverty status before and after a rural‐to‐urban migration, a proportional hazards model of time spent in poverty that begins in rural areas is estimated to determine whether moving to an urban area reduces the time spent in poverty while controlling for individual educational and family characteristics. Results indicate that moving from a rural to an urban area reduces time spent in poverty for white and black women but the effects are not statistically significant for men. Further, to adequately understand the relationship between moving to an urban area and poverty, the analysis examines the effects of moving on the length of time spent not e

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1993.tb00483.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThere are few studies in the literature concerning economic development that examine the impact of offshore oil and gas extraction on communities and even fewer that use annual data, examine more than one community and account for the degree of involvement of the community in the oil industry. This study rectifies these problems. The results support hypotheses derived from social disorganization and relative deprivation theories by demonstrating that higher levels of and rapid changes in development are associated with higher homicide and suicide rates, especially in communities that are more involved in resource extraction. The utility of the methods and the implications of the results for theory and future research are discussed.

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1993.tb00484.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe argument that production on part‐time farms has been feminized is evaluated using longitudinal and indepth interview data sets from communities throughout Norway. Time‐series data suggest that traditional part‐time farms are not being reproduced in Norway. Rather, there is a shift toward modern forms of part‐time farming; in its most common form, women juggle off‐farm, farm, and household work while men farm or combine farming with an off‐farm job. As some women shift or reduce their labor input to the farm, others opt to become independent female farmers. What has emerged is an increasing number of two‐career households with male and, less frequently, female farmers whose working spouses contribute some labor to die farm. In all cases, women continue to do most, if not all, of the domes

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1993.tb00485.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractConsiderable attention has focused on farming practices and behavioral patterns that characterize Amish farmers from other agriculturalists. It has been suggested that Amish farmers are more concerned about the physical environment than non‐Amish farmers because Amish employ fewer technology‐intensive farming practices, though there is little empirical evidence to support such an assertion. To address this issue, data were collected from a sample of Amish and non‐Amish owner‐operators in Ohio to compare environmental attitudes and farming systems presently in use. Discriminant analysis was used to examine factors chosen to differentiate the two groups. Findings reveal that Amish respondents believed more strongly than other farmers that ground water pollution was an important environmental problem and that farmers should reduce chemical application rates to protect ground water resources. Other farmers exhibited greater willingness to participate in educational programs designed to reduce pesticide application rates. The two groups could not be differentiated by criteria used to make adoption decisions about farm technologies and farming practices; both used productivity and efficiency criteria when making adoption de

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1993.tb00486.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Agriculture and Development: Albrecht, DonE.,andSteveM. Murdock.The Sociology of U.S. Agriculture: An Ecological Perspective.Agriculture and Development: Hallberg, M. C, JillL. Findeis, and DanielA. Lass(eds.).Multiple Job‐Holding Among Farm Families.Agriculture and Development: Eicher, CarlK.,andJohnM. Staatz(eds.).Agricultural Development in the Third World.Agriculture and Development: Adams, DaleW.,andDelbertA. Fitchett(eds.).Informal Finance in Low‐Income Countries.Community and Work: Oldenquist, Andrew, andMenachemRosner(eds.).Community and Work: Fugita, StephenS.,andDavidJ. O'Brien.Japanese American Ethnicity: The Persistence of Community.Community and Work: Colclough, Glenna, andCharlesM. TolbertII.Work in the Fast Lane: Flexibilities, Division of Labor, and Inequality in High Tech Industries.Community and Work: Kemmis, Daniel.Community and the Politics of Place.Community and Work: Murdock, SteveH.,andDavidR. Ellis.Applied Demography: An Introduction to Basic Concepts, Methods, and Data.Community and Work: South, ScottJ.,andStewartE. Tolnay(eds.).The Changing American Family: Sociological and Demographic Perspectives.Community and Work: Goodman, David, andMichaelRedclift.Refashioning Nature: Food, Ecology and Culture.Machlis, GaryE.,andDonaldR. Field(eds.).On Interpretation: Sociology for Interpreters of Natural and Cultural History.Community and Work: Mason, RobertJ.Contested Lands: Conflict and Compromise in New Jersey's Pine Barrens.Community and Work: Hallberg, MiltonC. (ed.).Bovine Somatotropin and Emerging Issues: An Assessm

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1993.tb00487.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1993.tb00488.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY