ISSN:0273-8481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Immunologic deficiencies have been demonstrated after major trauma and thermal injuries. Immunomodulating agents are being tested increasingly for their ability to correct these deficiencies. Two new immunomodulators, TP5 and CP-46,665, have been shown to be particularly successful in preventing death from infection in animal burn models. When given to burned guinea pigs, both drugs enhance neutrophil and macrophage function, as measured by the ability of these cells to phagocytose and kill bacteria. In this study, macrophages and neutrophils obtained from both burned and unburned guinea pigs were incubated with each immunomodulator in vitro. They were then assayed for their ability to phagocytose and kill bacteria. Both immunomodulators impaired each of these functions. Analysis of macrophage production of PGE2 revealed that TP5 decreased production and CP-46,665 markedly increased PGE2 production. The discrepancy between this detrimental effect in the in vitro model and the previously reported beneficial effect in a similar in vivo model indicates that the mechanisms of these immunomodulators are complex.

ISSN:0273-8481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Low-voltage direct current was used to treat 20 male patients with burns of varying severity that had not responded to conventional therapy. The method was found to induce quick healing and better graft taking, and to produce more durable and aesthetically pleasing scars.

ISSN:0273-8481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Patients with burn wound infections resulting from gram-negative bacilli were selected randomly to receive either the new third-generation ceftazidime (14 patients) or an aminoglycoside, usually tobramycin, with or without an antipseudomonal penicillin (13 patients). All patients underwent debridement and had been receiving topical treatment with silver sulfadiazine. The most common infecting organisms werePseudomonas aeruginosaandEnterobacter cloacae.A satisfactory clinical response occurred in 12 (of 14) ceftazidime-treated patients, versus eight (of 13) aminoglycoside-treated patients (X2= 2.0,P>0.10). Eradication or reduction of organisms to ≤104per gram on burn wound biopsy was achieved in five ceftazidime-treated patients and an equal number of amino-glycoside-treated patients. Resistant organisms appeared in two patients receiving ceftazidime and also in two receiving an aminoglycoside. High and low ceftazidime serum concentrations were 100.8 ± 55.1 μg/mL and 15.5 ± 5.8 μg/mL respectively. The few side effects that occurred were mild; therapy in no patient in either group had to stop on account of drug-related toxicity. Ceftazidime promises to be a useful and safe antimicrobial agent for the treatment of burn wound infection caused by gram-negative bacilli.

ISSN:0273-8481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Nineteen patients with full-thickness burns ranging from 3% to 22% TBSA were treated with neomycin sulfate-impregnated gauze dressings applied over split-thickness meshed skin grafts to determine if neomycin sulfate would enhance graft take and reduce graft site infection. On the third postoperative day, all skin grafts were viable and tightly adherent (graft take was 90%-100% in all cases), and the neomycin sulfate-impregnated gauze exhibited zones of inhibition againstStapbylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, and β-hemolytic streptococcus. No activity was observed againstPseudomonas aeruginosa.

ISSN:0273-8481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Of 186 questionnaires sent to burn facilities in the United States to determine the activities of the burn clinical nurse specialist (CNS) and nurse clinician (NC) as clinical practitioner, researcher, educator, and consultant, 50 were returned. Of the respondents, 11 were burn CNSs, 22 were burn NCs, and 17 were educators or managers. Although the study was specifically designed for the burn CNS/NC, nurses with other position titles who believed they functioned in any of the categories of the CNS/NC role participated. The educator role was perceived by CNSs as most important and most helpful in improving nursing practice and quality of patient care; NCs perceived the clinical practitioner role as the most important/helpful. There were close similarities between CNS and NC acvitivites in each of the four functional role categories.

ISSN:0273-8481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) was found to be as effective as morphine in reducing the pain associated with enzymatic debridement in burn patients. Twenty-four patients who were scheduled for Travase enzymatic debridement were randomly assigned to receive TENS or morphine for pain relief immediately following debridement. Patients reported their pain level on both a visual analogue scale and a verbal categorical scale at 15-minute intervals during the first hour and at hourly intervals through four hours after Travase application. There was no significant difference in the pain reported between the TENS and morphine groups. A statistical difference in pain report was found (ANOVA) over time, but no statistical difference was shown by group assignment. TENS appears to be a nonadditive alternative to morphine in burn patients for reduction of pain associated with enzymatic debridement.

ISSN:0273-8481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0273-8481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0273-8481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0273-8481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID