ISSN:0928-6586    

DOI:10.3109/09286589409071438

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0928-6586    

DOI:10.3109/09286589409071439

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This study reveals the prevalence of refractive errors in a group of young adults (mean age 20.6 years) exposed to high educational demands, including much reading.In all, 224 (117 females, 107 males) first-year engineering students were subjectively refracted. A prevalence of myopia of 46.9% (right eye), 49.1% (left eye) and 42.9% (both eyes), and a prevalence of hyperopia of 29.5% (right eye), 28.1% (left eye) and 23.2% (both eyes) was detected. The mean refractive error in the whole group was -0.6±2.2 D (right eye), -0.7±2.4 D (left eye) and -0.7±2.3 D (both eyes).As many as 56.4% (n=57) of the myopic students had either no corrective lenses (11.9%, n = 12) or had their first corrective lenses prescribed at the age of 16 years or later (44.6%, n=45). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of myopia between female and male students. No significant difference regarding body height was found among men in the different groups of refractive errors, but a significant difference was detected among women. We found no statistically significant relationship between intraocular pressure and any refractive error among men or women.

ISSN:0928-6586    

DOI:10.3109/09286589409071440

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Measures of functional vision are needed to assess elderly low vision patients, their success in using devices, and their ability to manage outside the treatment setting.A new test devised to measure functional ability through the performance of everyday tasks was administered to 94 patients who had acuities of 20/100 or worse in their better eye. Consisting of three versions and four subtests: spot reading, short-term text reading, identifying paper currency and clock reading, the test used standardized items and was timed.In a multiple regression model predicting test performance higher scores were associated with better near acuity (P=.002), higher education (P=.022) and higher levels of self-reported visual skills (P=.072). These predictors plus distance acuity, age and sex only accounted for 35 percent of the variance in test scores.Repeated administration of the test to a different group of 21 patients showed the test to be reliable (intraclass correlation =.85, P<. 01) and to have no practice or version effects or differences between raters. This new test may be useful for natural history studies and clinical trials involving low vision patients but further evaluation of its sensitivity to change over time is required.

ISSN:0928-6586    

DOI:10.3109/09286589409071441

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Age-standardized mortality rates for cancers of the eye among adults in England and Wales are compared with those for cutaneous malignant melanoma. While cutaneous malignant melanoma rates have increased three-fold since 1950-54, rates for cancers of the eye have remained relatively constant over the same period. Collectively, the inconclusive findings of case-control studies for an association between exposure to ultraviolet radiation and uveal melanoma, the lack of supporting dosimetry data, together with the lack of an upward trend in mortality rates for cancers of the eye, suggests that exposure to ultraviolet radiation may not be a major factor in the etiology of uveal melanoma.

ISSN:0928-6586    

DOI:10.3109/09286589409071442

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Over a nine-month period two hundred and thirteen referrals to the Department of Ophthalmology of the Leicester Royal Infirmary, England, for suspicion of glaucoma were examined by a single ophthalmologist. Ninety-nine percent of referrals resulted from the findings at an opto-metric visit. Despite this, less than 32% were confirmed as having glaucoma and less than 23% had ocular hypertension. Twenty-nine percent showed no abnormality. Of those with glaucoma 19% showed advanced field loss in their worse eye. The guidelines relating to referral practices as a result of opto-metric examinations need to be reviewed and agreed upon by ophthalmologists, optometrists and general practitioners.

ISSN:0928-6586    

DOI:10.3109/09286589409071443

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

As access and cost of medical care emerge as the fundamental issues in the discussion of reforming the nation's health care system, more attention needs to be devoted to the understanding of how visual impairment and functional disability in general affects an individual's access to health insurance as well as medical care utilization.Based on the 1984 Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), we estimate that only 57.5% of 7.0 million working-age (15-64 years old) visually impaired Americans, compared with 79.0% of those not visually impaired, have private health insurance coverage. Moreover, an estimated 1.5 million visually impaired working-age Americans are not covered by any form of health insurance, public or private. This 20.7% uninsurance rate is significantly higher than the 14.1% reported among those who are not visually impaired (p<0.0001). Multivariate logistic regression also supports the inverse association between visual impairment and insurance coverage.On the other hand, multivariate logistic regression suggests a positive association between visual impairment and utilization of outpatient medical services. Although there is a trend toward higher utilization of inpatient services as well among the visually impaired, the finding is not statistically significant.These findings suggest that visual impairment poses a barrier to accessing health insurance, even when controlling for income, education, and employment status. On the other hand, regardless of the health insurance status, visually impaired Americans are likely to have utilized more physician services, but not the hospital services, than the non-visually impaired.

ISSN:0928-6586    

DOI:10.3109/09286589409071444

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0928-6586    

DOI:10.3109/09286589409071445

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor