ISSN:1043-5166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1971.tb00026.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1043-5166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1971.tb00027.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1043-5166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1971.tb00028.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe quahog clam (Mercenaria sp.) is discussed as having potential for mariculture. The biology, and mariculture techniques are covered. Recommendations are made toward culture of the clam.

ISSN:1043-5166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1971.tb00029.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe various problems in culture of oyster larvae are discussed. Oysters can be made to spawn in the laboratory. This is done by subjecting them to a water temperature above 20 C. They can also be encouraged to spawn by adding a sperm suspension to warm sea water. Spawnable animals can be assured for late summer and early fall by holding glycogen‐rich animals in refrigerated sea water during the spawning season. Good water quality is essential. Blooms of algae and pollution are detrimental. Metals such as zinc, are harmful to larvae. Live alga is still the best food but “artificial” feeds must be developed. Disease can be a problem since oysters are crowded. Pathogenic bacteria cause the most problems. Some, such as bacterial necrosis, may be controlled with antibiotics. At metamorphosis abundant food is vital for oysters. If food is inadequate the rate of setting is re

ISSN:1043-5166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1971.tb00030.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTMass‐culture experiments of stone crab (Menippe mercenaria) were successfully performed in 1970. Ovigerous female stone crabs were obtained from traps set in Biscayne Bay, Miami, Florida. The females were held separately in indoor aquaria. A maximum of 10 ovipositions (spawnings) within one inter‐molt phase were observed for a single female over a 120‐day period. During this period, the embryonic duration of the eggs was approximately 10 days at temperatures of 29 to 30 C, and the period between larval hatching and the female's next oviposition was 2 to 3 days.The duration of the larval period (five zoeal stages and one megalopal stage) was 14 days at temperatures ranging between 30.5 and 32.0 C, with salinity in excess of 30 ppt; 18 days were required at temperatures ranging from 28.0 to 30.0 C in the same salinity range. The time requirements in mass culture were found to be greatly reduced compared with individual compartment culture methods, which normally would take 20 to 21 days.Experiments using two different filtered seawater media were performed. In one, seawater was filtered through a 165 μ mesh screen; in the second seawater was filtered through a fine dacron wool filter. Results were similar.Initial larval culture media was stabilized by adding Chlorella to the culture seawater. The early zoeae were fed with separately cultured rotifers (Branchionus plicatilis) and Artemia nauplii. Only Artemia nauplii were provided for the late zoeal stages. The food for megalopae and juveniles was chopped fish and squid. To reduce cannibalism in the megalopal stages a screen‐ring was installed. This screen also provided a good substratum for settling.The maximum young crab yield was about 360 second‐stage crabs in a 200 1 plastic container, and 960 second‐stage crabs in a 600 1 capacity wooden tank. The best survival rate from hatching to the first crab stage was about 9%. Mortality occurred primarily in the magalopal stage.A promising future for stone crab culture is indicated from the growth rates obtained beyond the juvenile crab stage. Individuals reared separately in the indoor aquaria showed rapid growth. The most rapidly growing individual reached a carapace length of 9.1 cm and a weight of 236 g in 7 months from hatching. Approximately 10 molts are required to reach this size from the first crab stage. The color pattern of the cultured crab was noticeably different from that fou

ISSN:1043-5166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1971.tb00031.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a conceptual design for intensive aquaculture in flowing warm water. Shrimp biology and technology were used as the model, but the concept is applicable to any culturable aquatic species. A culture channel was divided into pens, each successively larger in bottom surface area than the last. Each pen area was proportional to the area of a segment of a typical S‐shaped shrimp growth curve. Heated water was blended with ambient water to maintain a constant water inlet temperature of 27 C. The stream of uniform depth flowed through the channel at a constant rate. Shrimp in culture were allowed to remain in one pen until they attained a density, g per m2, which was constant for all pens. They were moved successively to larger and larger pens until they reached a specified marketable size. Once the system reaches steady‐state, it should be possible to harvest continually, say week after week, the year‐

ISSN:1043-5166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1971.tb00032.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTDiseases and parasites are one of the most serious problems of the mariculturist. Tragic epidemics reported herein include: fungal infections of pompano (Trachinotus carolinus), diseases of several species of fin fish in Japan, vibrios of salmonids, diseases of penaeid shrimp, and others. A proposal is made to establish a service, sponsored by the World Mariculture Society, for combating disease problems. A handbook of maricultural diseases is also proposed.

ISSN:1043-5166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1971.tb00033.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper deals with selective breeding of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), rainbow‐steelhead hybrids, and chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). After 38 years of selection male rainbow trout reach maturity their first year at an average weight of 680 g. Females mature their second year at an average weight of 4.5 kg and produce about 9,000 eggs. Top production was from a 3‐year‐old female who produced 23,489 eggs. Interracial crosses produced rainbow‐steelhead hybrids that grew faster than the steelhead stock but slower than the rainbow stock. Improvements in chinook salmon have been made through selective breeding. Egg production for the 3‐year‐old females has increased from an average of 3,800 per female in 1960 to about 5,

ISSN:1043-5166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1971.tb00034.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe success of a mariculture industry may depend upon the quality of the food product. This review presents some of the problems to be considered by the mariculturist in producing a high‐quality fish or shellfis

ISSN:1043-5166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1971.tb00035.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY