ISSN:1043-5166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1973.tb00086.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1043-5166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1973.tb00087.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1043-5166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1973.tb00088.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAquaculture, as an enterprise, is a relatively recent matter of concern among American entrepreneurs. It is an undertaking that requires knowledgeable, venturesome and resourceful technologistscum‐business managers to structure a practicable system of economic aquafood production utilizing the available resources from sunlight to market. The risks are numerous, and often ill‐defined, but the potential rewards are great, and thus aquaculture has attracted bold and venturous investors even though in many recent cases the requisite knowledge and skills were lacking.There is an attractive analogy often drawn between terrestrial and aquatic animal husbandry which may be appropriate only if a realistic recognition is made of the metaphorical nature of the comparison. It has become common to compare aquaculture with the poultry industry which has reached a highly sophisticated and complex state of development. No aquacultural candidate animal is yet as well understood as the chicken is, nor do we have command over the environment to a sufficient degree to enable the production of aquafoods in adequate sustained supply to justify a major investment in the vertically integrated system from feed to marketing that seems to be required.We have yet to provide a high level of assurance that we can comnand a supply of vigorous seed for stocking, an appropriate feed for growing, control disease, predators and competitors or manage the environment so as to materially reduce the risks, and enhance the probability of a satisfactory return on investment.These matters of biological and engineering importance are considered in the context of aquabusiness imperatives, and are judged as risks to the vent

ISSN:1043-5166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1973.tb00089.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAn interdisciplinary team of scientists (a chemist, an engineer, and two biologists) at the University of Delaware is conducting an intensive study on the potential of recirculating seawater systems for use in mariculture. The Sea Grant‐supported project is underway in a relatively large (900 m2) laboratory at the mouth of Delaware Bay. The facility is unique in that it allows the degree of environmental control usual in small laboratory situations while allowing experimentation at the pilot plant scale.The team is attempting to culture clams and oysters from egg to commercial size in a recirculating system. A product is expected 18 months after spawning. Hatchery techniques are standard, but the postlarval animals are not planted in the field. Instead they are introduced to one of six recirculating systems for subsequent growth to commercial size. Twenty thousand newly set animals have been placed in an 8,000 liter system and are fed a mixture of several species of cultured algae. A new apparatus has been developed to separate algae from their culture media for subsequent feeding to the mollusks.Each circulating seawater system was specially designed for the culture of filter feeding mollusks and consists of an 8.6 m2biological filter, a carbon filter, and a UV treatment station. Protein skimmers and biological monitoring systems are being optimized for future incorporation into the system.A careful record was kept of changes in nitrates, nitrites, ammonia, reactive phosphorous, calcium, magnesium, heavy metals, chloride, dissolved oxygen, pH, alkalinity, salinity, and suspended matter in the recirculating systems during start‐up and subsequent operation. Chemical information is used in engineering new refinements into the recirculating system as well as in interpreting biological phenomena in the sys

ISSN:1043-5166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1973.tb00090.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1043-5166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1973.tb00091.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThree ponds constructed in southwest Jamaica were stocked with postlarval and juvenileMacrobrachiumrosenbergiiwhich had been reared at Ocean Protein Corporation's hatchery in Dania, Florida. Results from one 0.2 ha pond are presented. A variety of commercial and experimental chows was fed. No attempt was made to estimate the population between stocking and harvesting. Growth was considered satisfactory. Bird predation appeared to be a factor in overall mortalities, but did not prevent substantial qualities from being harvested.

ISSN:1043-5166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1973.tb00092.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTOpen‐ocean mariculture might have considerable advantages in large‐scale production over usual tank and closed‐bay techniques. Most of the benefits would lie in the elimination of closed systems which require extensive power for water circulation and are subject to the rapid spread of chemical pollutants and disease. In tropical and subtropical waters pelagic sargassum is suggested as a medium for mariculture. Sargassum could be utilized in shallow water as cover, with the concomitant life forms (i.e. plankton, crustaceans, etc.) as a food supply for juveniles such asCoryphaenasp. Some benthic forms, molluska for example, might produce higher yields under cover of sargassum than on reefs or platforms. Studies could also be made on the relationship of seaweed to eels and turtles with a view towards developing culture methods. Deep water platforms might be based under the sargassum mass to eliminate pollution problems associated with nearby land masses.As a byproduct of mariculture, the sargassum would provide the basis for a local alginate extraction ind

ISSN:1043-5166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1973.tb00093.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTCommercial harvest of fishes, crustaceans, and shellfish is declining near Baja California. Mariculture is beginning in hopes of offsetting the decline.

ISSN:1043-5166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1973.tb00094.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA study was initiated to determine the suitability of utilizing some of the thousands of hectares of estuarine oil‐pipeline canals in Louisiana for mariculture purposes. Channel catfish (Ictaluruspunctatus), pompano (Trachinotuscarolinus), and white shrimp (Penaeussetiferus) were selected as test animals. Preliminary catfish culture results are reported here. Channel catfish stocked in a 2.55 ha brackish‐water oil‐field pipeline canal averaged 323 g after 6 months. Growth rates, water quality, and pathogenic organisms remained within acceptable parameters. Predation, overbank flooding, and harvesting were the most obvious problems, and are addressed separ

ISSN:1043-5166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1973.tb00095.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY